Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Energy and Power Electronics

In this paper, a new grid-connected hybrid distributed generation system architecture has been proposed. The proposed architecture provides an efficient power transfer with a reduced number of power converters and conversion stages as compared to existing architectures. In this proposed architecture, the wind and solar PV hybrid generation system is coupled to the grid with a back-to-back voltage source converter. The Photovoltaic (PV) array is attached instantly to the dc-link bus without any intermediary power converters and maximum power is extracted from the solar PV system by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and the output voltage of the PV system is given to the dc-link. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is connected to the wind turbine system and it delivers maximum power with an optimal torque control algorithm and further, it generates reference currents for Wind Side Converter (WSC). The merit of the proposed scheme is that peak power is obtained from both the energy sources with two independent MPPTs. Further, the DC link voltage is inverted and can synchronize with the grid by employing Grid Side Converter (GSC). The proposed work has been implemented using MATLAB/Simulink under various modes of power transfer conditions. © 2021, The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

World University root node

School of Electrical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

A New Architecture Topology for Back to Back Grid-Connected Hybrid Wind and PV System

Remarkable progress in distributed power generation invigorated research into DC microgrids using a controllable DC–DC converter contingent to the functionalities therein. The study explores the circulating current issue in a parallel-connected DC–DC converter and its associated current-sharing capability. Despite, the conventional droop being a promising solution with less control complexity, the current sharing is achieved at an expense of voltage drop. The prime objective of this research work is to design a control strategy that guarantees a minimized circulating current with proper current sharing for a parallel-operated DC–DC converter. This paper puts forth a dual reference-based control to alleviate the droop and load effects of the system. The primary reference is generated by considering the effect of a marginal change in the input power of the converters. The virtual resistance-based droop technique utilizes the prime reference for secondary droop reference generation. A current sharing algorithm is designed to assimilate adaptability to the scheme running under a variable line and load parameters. The comprehensive approach to the proposed control strategy has the advantages of improved current sharing and voltage regulation. A parallel DC–DC converter with the proposed control mechanism was investigated using MATLAB/Simulink and validated experimentally. © 2021 The Authors. IET Renewable Power Generation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology

Fulltext

IET Renewable Power Generation

Logarithmic droop-based decentralized control of parallel converters for accurate current sharing in islanded DC microgrid applications

In electric vehicles, Battery Management System (BMS) plays a significant role in cell voltage equalization. In the passive cell voltage balancing method, strong cells dissipate excess energy through resistors in the form of heat. So, this will increase the overall battery pack temperature, which may damage the battery pack when it exceeds its permissible temperature limit. Whereas in the active cell balancing method, the extra energy will be stored in energy storage elements and that stored energy will be transferred to the lowest voltage cells to equalize the cells voltages among all the cells in the battery pack. The existing active cell voltage balancing methods have some disadvantages like low efficiency, bulk in volume, less reliable and more time taking for cell voltage equalization. To overcome these disadvantages in the active cell voltage balancing, in this paper, a new optimized active cell voltage balancing method based on a closed-Loop Switched-Capacitor Structure (CLSCS) has been proposed. The proposed method attains the shortest path from one cell to another cell in the battery pack. Consequently, it will improve the voltage equalization, speed and overall efficiency of the battery pack, as well as it will reduce the cost of the battery pack. This method is robust and adaptive for the imbalance of the cell voltages. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed work. The simulation work is carried out on a MATLAB environment. The overall cell voltage balancing speed is improved with the proposed method and the efficiency of the proposed converter structure is up to 95%. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Energy Storage

Active cell voltage balancing of Electric vehicle batteries by using an optimized switched capacitor strategy

Proper detection of islanding of a microgrid and its resynchronisation is very important for the plug and play operation. A simple passive islanding detection and resynchronisation technique is proposed in this paper. The change in the voltage magnitude, frequency and phase are taken into the consideration to avoid any false triggering during the detection process. In addition, the proposed technique is designed in such a way that it can be implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware using FPGA-in-Loop (FIL) platform. The complete controller is converted into VHDL, a hardware description language code. Finally, the bitstream generated from the code is implemented in FPGA hardware, Zedboard. The results obtained in terms of both islanding detection and resynchronisation using the FPGA-in-Loop simulation are found to be satisfactory. © 2021 IEEE.

3rd International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Clean Energy Technologies, ICEPE 2020

Design and FPGA Implementation of an Islanding Detection cum Re-synchronisation Technique for a Grid Connected Inverter in a DC Microgrid

The main advantage of symmetrical cascaded multicell inverter is that it uses less number of switching devices as compared to stacked multicell converter. In this chapter, a brief analysis of seven-level and nine-level symmetrical cascaded multicell inverter is presented with THD analysis. Closed-loop operation of the symmetrical cascaded multicell inverter is designed to regulate the RMS output voltage of the circuit. Two different control techniques were implemented, namely fuzzy logic controller and model predictive controller (MPC), the control performance of these two controllers was compared, and the detailed analysis is presented. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Department of Digital Communications

School of Information Technology and Engineering

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Fuzzy- and MPC-Controlled Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter: A Comparison

Electrification of vehicles becoming a widely discussed term among the enthusiastic researchers in the present century. They have contributed a plethora of techniques to this cause. As more research conducted in the field of electric vehicle charging, sustainable transportation gained more importance. Renewable energy powered electric vehicles are introduced by the same cause. Parking slots are then transformed into a large source of solar energy by the integration of solar panels. For the ease and flexibility of charging, wireless charging techniques are introduced. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless charging technique is introduced to meet the contingency conditions like battery drain during a long ride. Present V2V technology has disadvantages like poor transfer efficiency, coupling separation, and misalignment tolerance. This chapter presents an optimized V2V charging system with improved parameters. An overall efficiency of 60% is achieved in hardware at a coupling coefficient of 0.02 for the proposed system. For conventional WPT model, the overall efficiency 60% is for coupling coefficient of 0.09 only. Results are verified with PSIM simulations and hardware. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

An Optimized Wireless Power Transmission Coil Design for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Charging Application

The demand for renewable energy to sustain today's vulnerability towards depleting fossil fuels is a crucial agenda for research. Various inverter topologies have been proposed to convert renewable sources into a usable form. But output THD, additional filtering components at line frequency (leading to bulky circuitry), lower efficiency, etc., are some of the limitations faced in all those topologies. This paper aims to change a voltage source inverter's traditional behavior, which generates lesser output voltage with higher THD. The paper proposes a closed-loop non-ideal differential boost inverter (DBI) employing a PI controller. The optimization techniques such as, genetic algorithm (GA) and bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) are incorporated to accentuate the PI controller's performance to produce a better response during line and load disturbance conditions with reduced THD. DBI performance is evaluated on a laboratory prototype with different loading conditions. A comparison between the algorithms and the previous topologies from the literature survey has also been provided to validate this research's claims. This paper's required simulation study is carried out using MATLAB, and real-time validation is carried out using dSPACE 1104 with sampling time of one μs. © 2013 IEEE.

Department of Control and Automation

IEEE Access

Implementation of Optimization-Based PI Controller Tuning for Non-Ideal Differential Boost Inverter

Agriculture provides the primary source of income for majority of the rural population in India. Around 38% of the net-sown area of our country remains un-irrigated due to lack of irrigation infrastructure. Lack of access to reliable electricity supply is one of the major barriers for developing effective agricultural pumping infrastructure in the country. On the other hand, majority of the electricity distribution companies (DISCOMS) in India are reluctant to help in popularising solar pumps for agriculture, in fear of loss of their revenue. In addition, the distribution companies are suffering from very high aggregate technical and commercial losses. West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL), the largest DISCOM in West Bengal, plans to reduce the AT&C loss to 22.5% within its operational area. This paper argues that, the quantum of AT&C losses that can be reduced by providing solar agricultural pumps which could be channelized as a lucrative Feed in Tariff (FIT) to the agriculture consumers. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Technical Assessment for Implementation of Agricultural Solar Pump in West Bengal to Reduce AT&amp;C Loss of Discom—A Case Study

The modified topology for an asymmetrical 31-level cascaded inverter is analyzed with less number of DC voltage sources, power diodes, and power electronic knobs. The Super Imposed Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (SIC-PWM) is proposed for a 31-level asymmetrical modified cascaded inverter topology to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortions (THD). The Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are suggested for a 31-level asymmetrical modified cascaded inverter topology to control the root mean square (RMS) voltage. These controllers help in maintaining the output voltage constant even when there is a change in input voltage to the inverter. This study aims to compare Fuzzy logic and ANFIS controllers by applying them to the 31-level cascaded inverter. Using both the controllers the inverter is controlled and its performance is compared using a step response tool in MATLAB. The study of the proposed modified 31-level Asymmetrical cascaded inverter is carried out to evaluate the THD without and with Fuzzy logic and ANFIS controller. Using the step response tool, Settling Time, Overshoot, RMS Voltage values, Peak Time, Peak value, and Rise Time were evaluated and compared for Fuzzy and ANFIS controlled 31-level asymmetrical cascaded inverter. The THD value for without a controller is 4.97%, with the fuzzy logic controller is 4.15% and with ANFIS controller is 3.77%. In both MatLab and real-time simulation, total harmonic distortion (THD) is observed to be the almost same and is lower than 5% which is under IEEE standards. The performance of Fuzzy and ANFIS controlled 31-level asymmetrical cascaded inverter is evaluated and compared with the use of MATLAB/Simulink and the same is done with Real-Time simulation using OPAL-RT 5700. CCBY

Comparison of Fuzzy and ANFIS Controllers for Asymmetrical 31-Level Cascaded Inverter with Super Imposed Carrier PWM Technique

The traditional protection devices installed in photovoltaic (PV) arrays generally detect line-line (LL) and line-ground (LG) faults when the fault current magnitude exceeds its threshold value defined by various international standards. However, the magnitude of fault current is greatly reduced, due to low irradiance levels, active maximum power point tracker, location of fault, minimal fault mismatch, and presence of blocking diodes. Consequently, majority of such faults remain obscured even when the irradiance reaches to a higher level and thereby constitute to reliability issues and severe fire risks. Therefore, both timely fault detection and localization become highly obligatory for sustainable power generation and safety. Thus, this article proposes a new, robust, and efficient fault localization method based on the principle of differential voltage measurement between PV modules of adjacent strings. For accomplishing this task, a new optimized voltage sensor arrangement with minimal number of sensors is followed. Moreover, the proposed convention 1) is proficient to detect any LL/LG faults independent of its detection challenges, 2) suits both grounded and floating PV systems, and 3) is compatible for systems with/without blocking diodes. For a realistic validation, testing has been performed on a small-scale grid-connected PV system and the efficacy in detecting various array faults is demonstrated via extensive investigations. © 1982-2012 IEEE.