Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Energy and Power Electronics

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in the power system, the power electronic inverters are widely used to interface with the grid, which will reduce the inertia of the power system. This study proposes ancillary inertial service from single-phase rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) based inverter to the grid. The inertia emulation control technique transforms the behaviour of inverter like a synchronous generator under power imbalances. A hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and supercapacitor (SC) has been connected at the DC bus to take care of the variability in PV output power and load fluctuations. The SC absorbs/injects the fast-varying power and provides the inertial response to arrest the frequency deviation and battery charges/discharges to bring back the frequency to the nominal value. Real-time simulation is carried out to test the system behaviour for different operating conditions using OPAL-RT 5700. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020

World University root node

School of Electrical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Fulltext

IET Renewable Power Generation

Inertia emulation control technique based frequency control of grid-connected single-phase rooftop photovoltaic system with battery and supercapacitor

This paper presents a multilevel topology implemented to overcome losses, possessed with the aid of the current renewable energy harnessing techniques, thereby making it more dependable; and the efficient output strength goes with the flow to the grid. Multilevel inverters are used as they offer an extraordinary method in power digital interfacing. They additionally eliminate the cause of the transformer in the tool, thereby disposing off several transformer losses and the location of the setup. This can increase the efficiency of the output strength generated to the grid. The device implements a dc-to-dc enhanced converter to improve the output dc energy acquired from the renewable supply delivered. It additionally implements a flying capacitor which removes voltage spikes generated. This inverter also can be introduced properly into a PV cellular for additional extension. The whole harmonic distortion is measured, and the simulation outcomes are acquired additionally using fuzzy controller by way of a closed-loop system. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

VIT Unitversity

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Soft Computing for Problem Solving

Renewable Energy Harnessing by Implementing a Three-Phase Multilevel Inverter with Fuzzy Controller

This paper presents the modelling and control of electric scooter driven by single-phase Induction motor drive. Single-phase induction motor is employed for this design due to lower cost and little maintenance, although a complex inverter is needed for the vehicle drive system. This paper proposes an integral sliding motor controller and pole placement controller to improve the overall performance of the electric scooter system. The stability of the system using the proposed control strategies are validated with and without disturbances. The proposed controller is validated through MATLAB simulations. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Modelling and control of electric scooter driven by induction motor

The prospects of Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained momentum due to the weakening of fossil fuels and the emergence of global warming issues. Moreover, highly energy-efficient vehicles have grown in stature due to the rapid progress made by power electronic equipment. It is a fact that the transportation sector consumes a sizable chunk of energy throughout the world. EVs are the solution for this problem as they reduce the radiation of greenhouse gases. Since one third of the EV cost is dependent on its battery, the batteries and the pricing structure have undergone several experiments. The causes and the availability of the energy sources, alternative energy sources, contemporary control methods for formulating policies of energy management, configurations of converting DC-DC in EV applications and the methods of charging EV in a smart environment are exhaustively reviewed in the present study. The study evaluates the challenges and benefits of implementing electric vehicle technology. The utility grid encompasses several alternative energy resources due to the speedy development of EV. Thus, managing and meeting the increasing demand for alternative energy resources could be achieved by using smart grid control. © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.

School of Electronics Engineering

International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems

An overview of electric vehicle converter configurations, control methods and charging techniques

Evolutionary algorithms are stochastic that reflects the biological evolution to reach optimal solutions to optimization problems where mathematical techniques may fail. Demand Side Management (DSM) are designed to reduce electricity consumption or to shift the consumption from peak to off – peak hours depending on consumers’ lifestyle and behaviour. DSM is a flexible consumer driven activity in which the consumer has voluntarily changed his energy usage pattern during peak demand so to maintain the reliability and stability of power system and the performance of an electrical grid. In this aspect we have explored the impact of an efficient and flexible DSM which can reduce the power demand and energy in different areas like rural, urban and villa there by utilizing the device power rating and its activation time. The defined problem was solved with evolutionary based – genetic (GA), particle swarm (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithms. Simulation results show the better outcome in terms of power demand and energy reduction and the results are compared to know the better performing algorithm as on applied to DSM. © 2020 All rights reserved.

Malaysian Journal of Computer Science

AREA BASED EFFICIENT AND FLEXIBLE DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE POWER AND ENERGY USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

The DC-DC converters operate extensively in a variety of industrial applications such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, aerospace applications, consumer electronics (smartphones, laptops, etc.) and energy storage solutions. The reliability of the DC-DC converters is of a greater significance. The research endeavours made in enhancing the reliability of the DC-DC converters are still very limited and dispersed. Due to the rapid growth in semiconductor technology, the DC-DC converters have an endless number of topologies, with various operating principles and functionalities. Enhancement of the reliability of all types of DC-DC converters is still a challenging task. Power switches are the most fragile components in converter circuits, which inherently fall prey to the faults occurring in the system. Hence, there is always a requirement to take appropriate remedial measures to deal with all kinds of faults. Further, in order to detect the occurrence of fault a fast faultdiagnosis and fault-tolerant strategies in the DC-DC converters is mandatory and the same has to be embedded in the converter for safety purpose. In view of the importance of the same, the fault-diagnostic algorithms and fault-tolerant strategies developed in the literature, by various researchers are furnished in a single document after conducting an exhaustive review. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019.

IET Power Electronics

Review on fault-diagnosis and fault-tolerance for DC–DC converters

The work presented in this article proposes a new energy management algorithm for hybrid micro grids consisting of higher penetration of DC non-critical (NC) loads and renewable energy sources. The methodology suggested in this work is a rule based approach and tries to make the micro grids more autonomous. During generation deficits in the micro grids, the suggested control strategy proposes to make the hybrid micro grids self-dependent to a possible extent, without the incorporation of actual storage devices. Instead of using actual storage elements like the batteries or super capacitors, the projected approach uses virtual storage devices, like the DC electric springs for its functionality. The electric springs used in this work operate the DC NC loads in accordance with the voltage produced by the renewable sources, which in turn reduces the power import from the main grid during generation deficits in the micro grid. Further, the work presented in the due course only studies about the efficiency of the proposed algorithm by operating the DC NC loads as per the requirement, without intervening with the AC and DC critical loads operation. In order to test the robustness of the proposed methodology a scaled down hybrid micro grid is developed in the laboratory using dSPACE 1104 real time interface. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Department of Electrical Engineering

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

Experimental evaluation of the performance of virtual storage units in hybrid micro grids

Electricity has become a part of day to day life of the people. With the increase in population, electricity demand is also raised. The development of distribution systems (DSs), the optimal utilisation of shunt capacitor banks (SCBs) and distributed generators (DGs) in the DSs are heightened. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to allocate both DGs and SCBs simultaneously on the DS. The objectives are to minimise power loss, improving the voltage profile and voltage stability index (VSI) of the DS. First locations of DGs and SCBs are found out by loss sensitivity factor (LSF) technique. Next grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA) is used to determine the rating of these sources. The methodology is implemented on IEEE 33 and 69 bus test systems considering optimal allocation of multiple DGs without and with placement of capacitors. Finally, the results obtained by the proposed method are compared with GA/PSO and PSO methods. Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy

Simultaneous allocation of multiple distributed generators and shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution systems using grasshopper optimisation algorithm

The substantial increase in new integration of wind power has required changes in grid codes to ensure grid security. Providing low voltage ride through (LVRT) protection helps to sustain the transient conditions without tripping and supports its recovery post-fault. The grid codes for LVRT capability in countries with substantial wind capacity are surveyed in this paper. The challenges that arise, endangering the grid security due to the non-implementation of these grid codes in the wind turbines (WT) which were pre-installed before the mandatory grid code was established is rarely a topic focused in literature. The LVRT capability requirement as per the wind turbine type classification is elucidated. The challenges due to enhancement and upgradation of technology include financial constraints for additional LVRT fittings, planning and renovation. Discussion and prognosis on the challenges provide direction for investigation and research. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

An outlook on endangering grid security in India due to implementation challenges of low voltage ride through protection in wind turbines

The gradual increase in power generation from renewable energy sources (RES), results in a reduction in power system inertia. It adversely affects the stable operation of the microgrids that contains high penetration of RES. The frequency stability concerns caused by the penetration of RES in the grid-connected system is controlled by synchronous generator (SG). Whereas in the stand-alone microgrid, which entails of RES deteriorates the frequency stability under power imbalances. The emulated inertia control (EIC) technology used for the power electronic inverter mimics the inertia of SG. EIC provides an effective solution for power systems with low inertia. This paper analyses the performance of EIC applied to the stand-alone microgrid that comprises of RES only. The utilization of EIC in stand-alone microgrid successfully addresses the frequency stability issues under solar irradiation and load variations. Furthermore, the small-signal stability analysis of the EIC is performed to analyze the stability under parameter variation. The simulation analysis shows that the frequency response and DC bus voltage is regulated in sudden disturbances with EIC efficiently as compared with constant voltage constant frequency (CVCF). The proposed EIC strategy is tested and compared with CVCF using the hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation with the help of real-time simulator OP5700 to verify the feasibility. © 2020.