Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

VIT University

Department of Structural and Geotechical Engineering

Urbanization, increase in population and lack of living space in urban areas lead to development of the high rise structures and this situation is unavoidable in the twenty-first century. The constant evolution of high rise structures is very essential for the development of developing nations like India. However, designing and construction of high rise building is a challenging one because as the height of the structure increases the structural stiffness and resistance of building against lateral loads become the crucial considerations. For high rise structures, the major dominating lateral forces are wind loads and seismic loads. Therefore, minimizing the lateral displacement and inter-storey drift of high rise structures is a demanding factor. There are many lateral load resisting systems available for high rise structures such as shear walls, diagrids, braced frames and outriggers are used in recent decades. In this study, the effectiveness of outrigger system at various locations along the height of the high rise structures in resisting lateral loads is discussed. Time history analysis is carried out on three models of 20 storey steel frame structures for this study such as (1) model with outrigger at 0.3 H and at top floor, (2) model with outrigger at 0.45 H and at top floor and (3) model with outrigger at 0.6 H and at top floor. It is found that the proper location of outrigger especially at 0.6 H and at top floor enhances the seismic performance of the high rise structures. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

World University root node

School of Civil Engineering

Vellore Campus

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Seismic Analysis of High Rise Steel Structure with Outrigger Braced System

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special type of concrete recognized for placing in congested reinforced structures without any application of external vibration. Self compactibility can be determined by the properties of material constituents and the design of mix proportions. The absence of an approved code in India on mix design proportions and characteristics of material constituents to achieve compactibility in SCC has necessitated to determine a method for mix design of SCC. Though some researchers have carried out investigations to determine a proper mix design for producing SCC. In this investigation, the optimization of mix proportion design has been determined by adopting the proposed rational mix design method or Japanese method with necessary modifications in consonance with the guidelines of EFNARC. A suitable mix using the marginal aggregates was selected and numerous trial mixes (sixty-five) were carried out with the varying mix parameters like binder content, water-binder ratio, fine aggregate-coarse aggregate ratio, percentage of superplasticizer and viscosity modifying admixtures. The test results of this study are presented in this paper and a successful attempt has been made to determine the suitable mix design for producing SCC. © 2021, RILEM.

RILEM Bookseries

Self-compacting Concrete—Optimization of Mix Design Procedure by the Modifications of Rational Method

Major earthquake events may cause severe fatalities and injuries, resulting in catastrophic damage to structures. However, less emphasis is given regarding earthquake hazard in low seismic regions. Malaysia and Singapore are in a region with low seismic risks; therefore, earthquake resistance designs are not yet included in most of the buildings. Located a few hundred kilometres away from the major earthquake sources, both countries are prone to distant earthquakes, as well as local earthquakes due to the slight change in seismological condition (seismically active period and movement of tectonic plates). This review paper provides some insights into the seismic activity in different places. Research regarding the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is reviewed, with emphasis on non-seismically designed RC buildings. Existing seismic retrofitting methods are also presented through the perspective of level of intervention. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

A Review of Seismic Vulnerability and Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Nature designs have inspired many architectural works and technological advancements in today’s world. Trees are one of nature’s pattern and share similar mechanics as in civil engineering structures (e.g. buildings). From literature, trees are able to transfer load efficiently. To identify the effectiveness of having a triangular profile similar to nature, a set of cantilever beams with various geometrical projection are analysed under transverse loading. Standard triangle (ST) cantilever beam was the best overall design. However, it was also found that the method of tensile triangles (MTT) cantilever beam was able to improve cantilever designs if the projection remains small. Thus, demonstrating why buttresses do not exist along with its entire tree height. The results obtained do not discard its potential as it may be more suitable in other civil engineering applications. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Performance of Cantilever Structure Inspired by Tree Patterns

Based on the early studies it is evident that fibre reinforced concrete exhibits good results in strength and workability compared to conventional concrete. This research work evaluates the practical corrosion resistance of rebar induced various forms of concrete reinforced with fibre. In this study, three multiple types of concrete reinforced with E-waste copper wire, steel fibre and E-Glass fibre at a constant percentage of 1% were used. To evaluate corrosion characteristics of rebar introduced in fibre reinforced concrete accelerated corrosion test and standard test method as per ASTM G109 were conducted. Test results were compared for all three types of fibre reinforced concrete. Results showed that E-Glass fibre reinforced concrete induced rebar is high corrosion resistivity compared to control concrete, steel fibre reinforced concrete and E-waste copper wire fibre reinforced concrete specimens. © 2021, RILEM.

Corrosion Characteristics of Rebar Induced in Different Types of Fibre Reinforced Concrete

The main cause of reinforced concrete deterioration is chloride attack. Chloride ions penetrated into the concrete can destroy the passive layer around steel reinforcement provided by the high alkalinity and low pH of cement paste, activating electrochemical corrosion. Durable concrete gives more corrosion resistance of embedded steel that continuously ensures a stronger long life of the reinforced concrete structure. The concrete structures within the seashore areas allow chloride ions to easily penetrate into the concrete and reduce the life span of the structure. In this paper, the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) as per ASTM C1202 is presented to determine the chloride profile, concrete chloride resistivity and rate of corrosion. The specimens were prepared with concrete incorporating three different type fibres including steel, E-waste copper wire and E-glass fibres of 1.0% by volume of concrete. The RCPT was conducted for time period of 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. The final RCPT results of fibre-reinforced concrete mix with control mix concrete were compared. The test result shows that the E-glass fibre-reinforced concrete was more durable than the other concrete mixes. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Evaluation of Rapid Chloride Permeability Test on Concrete Containing Steel, E-Waste Copper Wire and E-Glass Fibres

Considering the global energy consumption, it is imperative to focus on energy-efficient buildings. For a multi-storey factory building case study, the base case and design case energy consumption were compared with the actual one. The simulation proved that the design case values were less than that of the base case, and 18.9 % of energy saving could be achieved. The design case value was compared with the actual value and the simulation accuracy was assessed in terms of mean base error and cumulative root mean square error. A comparison was done for two conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems with evaporative cooling pad system, which was found to be both energy- and cost-efficient. A model for integrating the key factors during the construction of an energy-efficient building is suggested. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Chemical Engineering and Technology

Simulation and Analysis of a Factory Building's Energy Consumption Using eQuest Software

Geomechanics and Geoengineering

Influence of wetting–drying cycles on swell–shrink behaviour of GPA-reinforced expansive clay beds

Recent researchers are giving more importance to cut the practice of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by replacing the cementitious properties with industrial by-products in construction materials as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). Many researchers are using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as SCM which is an industrial by-product. Generally, SCM are pozzolanic materials which are rich in alumina and silicate. Naturally these pozzolanic materials may not be cementitious, but had tendency to react with calcium hydroxide and water in order to form cementitious compounds. The present paper reviews the processing adopted on sugarcane bagasse ash in order to transform it into supplementary cementitious material. The procedure to develop the sugarcane bagasse ash as a pozzolanic material is planned through a structure. The chemical compositions and physical properties of SCBA from the various sources are has been discussed. Furthermore, the influence of grinding and calcination on the characterisation of sugarcane bagasse ash has been discussed. Basically, the characterisation of sugarcane bagasse ash were studied on the basis of physical properties, chemical properties and microstructural studies. This review paper focuses on micro analytical studies of SCBA samples with respect to X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro analytical investigation reveals that grinding made SCBA finer and calcination process had reduced the carbon the content in SCBA along with there is an increase in the amorphous reactivity as due to the increment in pozzolanic oxides, observed in X-ray fluorescence (XRF).

VIT Unitversity

Department of Chemical Engineering

School of Chemical Engineering

Journal of Cleaner Production

An overview of the influences of mechanical and chemical processing on sugarcane bagasse ash characterisation as a supplementary cementitious material

Modelling the spatial variability of soil properties is very much essential in establishing the engineering parameters for the design and construction of geotechnical structures and facilities. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) ‘N’ value of a location is widely used to determine the engineering properties of the soils through empirical correlations. In this study, a 3D site characterisation model is developed using ordinary and simple kriging with an objective of evaluating the spatial variability of corrected SPT ‘N’ (Ncorrected) values in the subsurface of Chennai City. The alternative kriging approach using product-sum covariance model is implemented to model the SPT Ncorrected values in an anisotropic environment. The estimated SPT Ncorrected values are compared with the actual borehole data at selected locations. It is noted that the ordinary kriging has given more accurate estimates closer to the actual SPT Ncorrected values than the simple kriging. The estimated SPT Ncorrected values in the 3D subsurface environment will help in better interpretation of the subsurface information, making informed decisions with regard to future developmental activities and effective management of the urban centres of the Chennai City. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.