Electronics

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

School of Electronics Engineering

In this paper, a novel polarization-maintaining highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PMHB-PCF) has been investigated by using finite element method (FEM). Initially, the numerical analysis is carried out to ascertain its PMHB characteristics by using two different novel PCF structures (hexagonal-elliptical PCF and elliptical-elliptical PCF) and their performance characteristics are measured. By inducing the asymmetries in the fiber structure, the beat length of the fiber and their modal birefringence have been optimized. In proposed designs hexagonal-elliptical (cladding layers) PCF structure provides an ultra-high birefringence of about 4.51 × 10–2 with a lower beat length of 34.37 µm. This reported fiber exposed a high nonlinear coefficient of about 61. 95 W−1 km−1 at the operating wavelength of 1.55 µm. Also, it has a normalized frequency parameter (V parameter) of about 1.373 over the optical spectrum of 1.3 to 1.6 µm; it ensures the fiber single-mode operation. Due to the high nonlinearity and birefringence, this fiber is more suitable for nonlinear applications. It confirms the phase-matching conditions for the purpose like wavelength conversion which employs four-wave mixing technique. © 2021, Sociedade Brasileira de Física.

World University root node

Chennai Campus

Brazilian Journal of Physics

A Novel Ultra-high Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Nonlinear Applications

In this paper, Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals based Add Drop filter (ADF) is designed for DWDM applications. The existing work concentrates in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing and few filters reported for DWDM with non-uniform channel spacing, and low quality factor. The proposed ADF enhances the quality factor using Rounded Square Ring Resonator (RSRR) for ensuring efficient bandwidth in supporting WDM systems. The design consists of bus waveguide, drop waveguide and RSRR with inner quasi-square ring in the square lattice. The dielectric constant of the Si rod is 11.68 which are hosted in the air. The line defect is created by removing 4 rods (Quasi ring) in the center of the inner square ring. The line defect in the ring resonator is used to reduce the radiation field components surrounded by the resonator. The performance parameters of ADF are investigated using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain algorithm. The proposed ADF drops a channel at 1636.2 nm, with the bandwidth of 0.7 nm, high quality factor of 2337, and the dropping efficiency of about 100%. The size of the device is 412.76 µm2. It is highly sufficient to support WDM systems for future Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC). Further, the impact of functional parameters such as transmission efficiency, quality factor, bandwidth are investigated by varying the structural parameters, namely, adjacent rod radius, scatterer rod radius, coupling rod radius, lattice constant, inner rod radius and rod radius. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Fulltext

Optical and Quantum Electronics

Rounded square ring resonator based add drop filter for WDM applications using two dimensional photonic crystals

Iron flow batteries are having tremendous attraction because of their economic feasibility and environmentally favorable electrolytes. Electrode and electrolyte used in iron-based redox flow batteries (IRFBs) have a vital role in the performances of electrochemical energy storage devices. Therefore designing a suitable electrode and optimization of electrolyte composition is highly needed. Graphite is one of the appropriate electrodes used in flow batteries but they have to be modified to improve the electrical performance. Here, for the first time, WO3 nanoparticles (WONs) were used to modify graphite felt electrode for IRFBs applications. The effect of loading mass per unit cm2 of electrochemically active material has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) studies. The ligand based iron-electrolyte along with anion exchange membrane has been selected for the studies. The performance of the modified graphite felt electrode (3 mg/cm2) assembled in 132 cm2 cell results in a peak power density of 53 mW/cm2 at 40 mA/cm2. This study provides information about the improvement in the electrochemical performance of IRFBs. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Ceramics International

Improved performance of iron-based redox flow batteries using WO3 nanoparticles decorated graphite felt electrode

High degree of uncertainty about Karakoram glaciers is being reported in literature due to complicated topography and weather. Karakoram glaciers receive their precipitation primarily by westerlies. Glaciers are the real indicators for understanding the impacts of climate change due to global warming. Remote sensing technologies are widely used to study glacier dynamics including estimation of glacier surface flow velocity. The present study focuses on understanding glacier flow dynamics of Hunza basin, Karakoram which consists of surging glaciers. Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Panchromatic data of 15 m resolution have been used to estimate surface flow velocity of glaciers using sub-pixel normalized cross-correlation technique using an open-source software package COSI-CORR(Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation) for the Hydrological year 2017–2018. Processed results indicate that surface flow velocity of maximum 120 and 80 m/year has been obtained at basin scale and for Braldu glacier, respectively. The proposed study shows that surface flow velocity is highly dynamic in nature varying from one glacier to another and within the glacier. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Glacier Surface Flow Velocity of Hunza Basin, Karakoram Using Satellite Optical Data

The proposed study targets to utilize satellite optical data with remote sensing techniques to classify the wet and dry snow of Himalayan glaciers. The study has been carried out for Miyar glacier, one of the largest glaciers of Miyar basin, Western Himalayas, using Sentinel-2(A and B) high-resolution, multispectral imaging data for the Hydrological year 2018–2019. To estimate the snow cover area and to classify the snow as wet/dry, optical band ratios and slicing have been adopted in the data processing algorithm. Results obtained show that the proposed algorithm is capable of mapping dry snow region, wet snow region and bed/moraine covered glacier ice for a given glacier with high spatial resolution. Dry snow and wet snow areas observed during summer (June–September) are approximately 70.11 km2 and 5.50 km2 on average, respectively. During winter (November–May), dry and wet snow areas observed are approximately 48.58 km2 and 12.57 km2 on average, respectively. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.

Classification of dry/wet snow using sentinel-2 high spatial resolution optical data

Facial expression recognition (FER) requires better descriptors to represent the face patterns as the facial region changes due to the movement of the face muscles during an expression. In this paper, a method of concatenating spatial pyramid Zernike moments based shape features and Law's texture features is proposed to uniquely capture the macro and micro details of each facial expression. The proposed method employs multilayer perceptron and radial basis function feed forward artificial neural networks for recognizing the facial expressions. The suitability of the features in recognizing the expressions is explored across the datasets independent of the subjects or persons. The experiments conducted on JAFFE and KDEF datasets demonstrate that the concatenated feature vectors are capable of representing the facial expressions with better accuracy and least errors. The radial basis function based classifier delivers a performance with an average recognition accuracy of 95.86% and 88.87% on the JAFFE and KDEF datasets respectively for subject dependent FER. © 2013 IEEE.

IEEE Access

Shape and Texture Aware Facial Expression Recognition Using Spatial Pyramid Zernike Moments and Law's Textures Feature Set

A Remote Monitoring and Management Tool is a software that performs multiple operations like monitoring a group of computers and observing the behavior, installing software remotely, troubleshoot the computers from a single location. Nevertheless, remotely monitoring a network of more than 500 computers is a cumbersome task. This project aims at implementing a hassle-free solution, particularly for computer laboratories in a University by developing a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based tool with a Software-as-a-Service approach. This tool is built entirely out of Microsoft PowerShell (PoSH) right from scripting the functions of each feature to designing the tool’s GUI, while making use of many Networking Protocols and Standards wherever necessary. With PoSH being available as a cross-platform tool, this tool easily supports the implementation in both Windows and Linux operating systems. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

UD-RMM: A Remote Monitoring and Management Tool Using PowerShell Universal Dashboard for Universities

The applications of vehicles are gradually increasing day by day. Simultaneously, vehicle pollution is also drastically increased. Due to improper maintenance and monitoring, the performances of the vehicles have been decreased. The different types of system and methods are available to detect the vehicle performance and pollution control. This paper is presented and provides an idea about pollution and vehicle control based on Internet of Things (IoT). The sensors, communication network, micro controller and server have been used for vehicle performance and their pollution control. The different vehicle parameters are monitored through IoT based system. The pollution experimental trail is conducted and compared with and without internet of things. The experimental investigations and their comparison have been reported with and without IoT system. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Materials Research - 2019.

Automatic pollution sensing and control for vehicles using IoT technology

In recent years, most of the peoples are suffering from teeth issues. Increased cavities of the teeth are formed due to these issues. Cavities may lead to the fracturing of human teeth. Such partial dentures and affected teeth can cause patients to experience brutal problems. There is a risk to break teeth when having injuries which can lead to serious patient issues. Doctors tend to substitute original teeth with artificial teeth in order to reduce these issues. These artificial teeth are made up of chromium and zirconium materials in current innovations, which can cause high cost and time-taking processes for the manufacture of artificial teeth by using these types of materials. A new, revolutionary 3D printing technology is being used to prepare artificial teeth to reduce these factors. In this work, an attempt was made to create artificial teeth using Silica material via a 3D printing technique. The prototype model teeth model with silica material was manufactured and it's demonstrates to medical students and patients. Using modeling software (CATIA) and Analysis software (ANSYS) the necessary components were designed and the corresponding results were reported. Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Materials Research - 2019. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Analysis of silica based prosthetic human teeth using 3D printing machine for dental assistance

This paper presents a novel energy efficient logic called Charge Sharing Improved Pass Gate Adiabatic Logic (CSIPGL) operating using four phase power clock sources. The CSIPGL based circuit is capable of operating through a wider range of frequency from 100MHz to 1GHz. CSIPGL logic has been designed using UMC 90nm technology model files and are simulated using Cadence® Virtuoso EDA tools. Efficiency of CSIPGL circuit is validated by comparing it against CSSAL, SQAL, SyAL, adiabatic logic circuits based on single charge sharing transistor [14] and EE-SPFAL circuit designs. Power consumption of AND/NAND and XOR/XNOR sub modules used in the design of 4-bit Carry Lookahead Adder circuits (CLA) are compared. 4-bit CLA is taken as a benchmark circuit to validate the efficiency of the proposed CSCPAL circuit. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.