A lot of research has been focused upon the use of nanoparticles for various consumer applications. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are now gaining importance to be used in food, environment and drug delivery vehicles. To explore the full potential of TNPs, a complete toxicity analysis is crucial before their commercialization. In the present study, we have evaluated the acute and sub chronic toxicity of TNPs on Wistar rats. In acute toxicity study, the LD50 value was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg bw as no mortality was observed. However, in sub-chronic toxicity, there was alteration in liver and kidney enzymes which indicated inflammation in these major organs. There was also accumulation of TNPs in liver and lungs of Wistar rats indicating the inefficient clearance of TNPs from rat bodies. A long term toxicity analysis should be done to evaluate the stability and potential use of TNPs for consumer products. © 2020 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.