Butachlor, a chloroacetanilide herbicide, used extensively all over the world as pre-emergence control of unwanted weeds. As a consequence, concerns about its potential adverse effects on the ecosystem and toxicity have risen. Several techniques have been used or are being investigated for effective removal of butachlor from the contaminated sites. This review reports the various toxicological studies conducted so far on the butachlor and the removal technologies available for its decontamination for better understanding. A new insight was also proposed after critical analysis of the merits and demerits of the removal technologies elucidated in the literature. An attempt was made to summarize the currently available analytical techniques reported for determination of butachlor in the environmental samples. © 2015, Islamic Azad University (IAU).

Ramalingam C

Department of Biotechnology

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

Abigail M.E.A

Samuel S.M

Fulltext

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a selective herbicide used all over the world for both agricultural and horticultural activities for controlling broadleaf weeds. The herbicide is known for exhibiting strong toxicity to humans and animals, and also known for its water contamination potential at varying levels depending on its field application rates. The main route of 2,4-D exposure to humans is through agricultural runoff owing to its excess application. Although several efforts had been taken for its removal from contaminated water bodies via the development of efficient technology, its water contamination continues to be more problematic. In this context, the present study was aimed to arouse the scientific community in developing a more efficient method for complete (100%) removal of 2,4-D from the contaminated sites. This is a qualitative review, which summarizes the various methods used thus far for removing 2,4-D from contaminated aqueous systems and their varying levels of success. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Stratagems employed for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid removal from polluted water sources

This study reports the biosorption of Cr(VI) using a new indigenous fungal biosorbent Penicillium griseofulvum MSR1, which was isolated from locally sourced tannery effluent site. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimizing the key variables viz. biosorbent dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time. The results of BBD showed maximum biosorption of about 79.9% at 2 g/L biosorbent dosage, 67.8 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration and at contact time of 37.5 min. Langmuir isotherm model fitted better to the obtained equilibrium data with maximum adsorption capacity of about 75.1 mg/g and the pseudo-second order model best described the biosorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. Desorption studies revealed that the MSR1 biosorbent can be regenerated using 0.1 M HNO3 and reused for further biosorption studies. The result implies that MSR1 is a cheap and promising biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. © 2014 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

Hexavalent chromium biosorption studies using Penicillium griseofulvum MSR1 a novel isolate from tannery effluent site: Box–Behnken optimization, equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

This study is focused on the possible use of Ceratocystis paradoxa MSR2 native biomass for Cr(VI) biosorption. The influence of experimental parameters such as initial pH, temperature, biomass dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time were optimized using batch systems as well as response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum Cr(VI) removal of 68.72% was achieved, at an optimal condition of biomass dosage 2g L-1, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 62.5 mg L-1 and contact time of 60 min. The closeness of the experimental and the predicted values exhibit the success of RSM. The biosorption mechanism of MSR2 biosorbent was well described by Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo second order kinetic model, with a high regression coefficient. The thermodynamic study also revealed the spontaneity and exothermic nature of the process. The surface characterization using FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of amine, carbonyl and carboxyl groups in the biosorption process. Additionally, desorption efficiency of 92% was found with 0.1 M HNO3. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency, increased with increase in metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, temperature but with a decrease in pH. The size of the MSR2 biosorbent material was found to be 80 μm using particle size analyzer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) visualizes the distribution of Cr(VI) on the biosorbent binding sites with alterations in the MSR2 surface structure. The SEM-EDAX analysis was also used to evaluate the binding characteristics of MSR2 strain with Cr(VI) metals. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal of MSR2 biomass has also been proposed. © 2015 Samuel MS et al.

PLOS ONE

Biosorption of Cr(VI) by Ceratocystis paradoxa MSR2 Using Isotherm Modelling, Kinetic Study and Optimization of Batch Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries worldwide. It comprises of a multitude of components with valuable materials, some containing toxic substances, that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment. Previous studies show that India has generated 0.4 million tons of e-waste in 2010 which may increase to 0.5 to 0.6 million tons by 2013-2014. Coupled with lack of appropriate infrastructural facilities and procedures for its disposal and recycling have posed significant importance for e-waste management in India. In general, e-waste is generated through recycling of e-waste and also from dumping of these wastes from other countries. More of these wastes are ending up in dumping yards and recycling centers, posing a new challenge to the environment and policy makers as well. In general electronic gadgets are meant to make our lives happier and simpler, but the toxicity it contains, their disposal and recycling becomes a health nightmare. Most of the users are unaware of the potential negative impact of rapidly increasing use of computers, monitors, and televisions. This review article provides a concise overview of India's current e-waste scenario, namely magnitude of the problem, environmental and health hazards, current disposal, recycling operations and mechanisms to improve the condition for better environment. © 2014 Needhidasan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering

Electronic waste – an emerging threat to the environment of urban India

In this study, an attempt was made to identify an effective phosphate solubilizing bacteria from pesticide polluted field soil. Based on the formation of solubilization halo on Pikovskaya's agar, six isolates were selected and screened for pesticide tolerance and phosphate (P) solubilization ability through liquid assay. The results showed that only one strain (SGRAJ09) obtained from Achillea clavennae was found to tolerate maximum level of the pesticides tested and it was phylogenetically identified as Pseudomonas sp. It possessed a wide range of pesticide tolerance, ranging from 117 μg mL-1 for alphamethrin to 2,600 μg mL-1 for endosulfan. The available P concentrations increased with the maximum and double the maximum dose of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, respectively. On subjected to FT-IR and HPLC analysis, the presence of organic acids functional group in the culture broth and the production of gluconic acid as dominant acid aiding the P solubilization were identified. On comparison with control broth, monocrotophos and imidacloprid added culture broth showed quantitatively high organic acids production. In addition to gluconic acid production, citric and acetic acids were also observed in the pesticide amended broth. Furthermore, the Pseudomonas sp. strain SGRAJ09 possessed all the plant growth promoting traits tested. In presence of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, its plant growth promoting activities were lower than that of the pesticides unamended treatment. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetInternational Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
ISSN	1735-1472
Open Access	No