Srimuruganandam B

Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

School of Civil Engineering

Vellore Campus

S.m. Shiva Nagendra

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

International Journal of Environmental Engineering

European Journal of Public Health

7.E. Workshop: Better air for better health: a deep-dive into air pollution in Europe and ways to tackle it

This paper presents the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) emitted from heterogeneous traffic in Chennai city during monsoon, winter and summer seasons of the year 2007-2009. The heterogeneous traffic characteristics at the study region indicated dominance of 2-wheelers (58%) followed by the 4-wheelers (29%), 3-wheelers (7%), light commercial vehicle (LCV = 2%) and heavy commercial vehicle (HCV = 4%). The vintage analysis of vehicles showed that 11, 24, 35 and 30% of the total vehicles were 15, 10, 5 and &lt;5 years old vehicles, respectively (75% of LCV and 70% of HCV were older than 10 years and 82% of 2W, 85% of 3W, 79% of 4W were less than 10 years old). The travel demand on weekdays at the study site revealed that 60% of the traffic in the morning peak hours was due to school and office trips and 40% was due to the business trips. During the weekends the peak rush hours traffic was dominated by travel demand (90%) due to tourists and pleasure trips. At study region, the PM10 comprised a large fraction of PM2.5 (56% of PM2.5 and 44% of PM1), while PM2.5 comprised a large proportion of PM1 (81%). The estimated PM2.5/PM10 ratios for monsoon, winter and summer seasons were ranged between 0.44-0.62, 0.66-0.76 and 0.62-0.73, respectively. The high PM2.5/PM10 ratios (R2 = 0.92-0.98) during peak hour indicated significant contribution from the vehicular emissions. Further, it was found that the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations at the study site followed similar trend of 2W, 3W, 4W and HCV during morning peak hour traffic. The analysis of 24-hr average PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations showed maximum during monsoon (188.75 ± 71.75, 83.91 ± 33.18, 65.81 ± 28.47 μg/m3) and winter (134.58 ± 64.55, 72.95 ± 39.27, 59.00 ± 31.15 μg/m3) and minimum during summer (75.96 ± 43.15, 42.16 ± 19.76, 31.40 ± 16.05 μg/m3) seasons. The 24-hr average PM10 and PM2.5 indicated maximum violations of Indian national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS for PM10 = 100 μg/m3 and PM2.5 = 60 μg/m3) during winter and monsoon seasons and minimum during summer season. Further, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were well above the prescribed 24-hr average world health organization (WHO) standards (PM10 = 50 μg/m3; PM2.5 = 25 μg/m3).The PM chemical characterization indicated the dominance of soil based crustal elements (74%) - Al, Ca, Fe and Mg, salt based components (16%)-Na and K, and the other trace elements (10%) such as B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Te, V and Zn. The percentage composition of different group of elements indicates traffic as the main source of PM emission at the study site. The ion analysis showed presence of more anions (36-82%) than the cations (18-64%). SO42- and Mg2+ were major constituents. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Atmospheric Environment

Characteristics of particulate matter and heterogeneous traffic in the urban area of India

Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change

This paper presents analysis and interpretation of diurnal, weekly and seasonal cycles of 1-h average particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) concentrations measured near an urban roadway in Chennai city, India, between November 2007 and May 2008. The PM data analysis showed clear diurnal, weekly and seasonal cycles at the study site. In diurnal cycle, highest PM concentrations were observed during weekday's peak hour traffic and lowest PM concentrations were found during trickle traffic (afternoon and nighttime). The seasonal PM data analysis showed highest concentrations during post monsoon season (PM10 = 189, PM2.5 = 84, PM1 = 66 μg/m3) compared to winter (PM10 = 135, PM2.5 = 73, PM1 = 59 μg/m3) and summer (PM10 = 102, PM2.5 = 50, PM1 = 34 μg/m3) seasons. The particle size distribution during post-monsoon, winter and summer seasons showed two distinct modes viz. accumulation (mean diameter, d = 2.2 μm; distribution = 40%) and coarse (d = 7.1 μm, distribution = 60%). The frequency distribution of PM10 concentrations during post-monsoon and winter seasons indicated that the PM10 values at the study site fall under moderate to poor categories. During post-monsoon and winter seasons, it was found that more than 50% of the time the 24-h average PM10 concentrations were violating the Indian national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) (100 μg/m3) and world health organization (WHO) standard (50 μg/m3). The 24-h average PM2.5 concentrations were also exceeding the NAAQS (60 μg/m3) and WHO standards (25 μg/m3) by 75% of time, irrespective of seasons. © Author(s) 2010.

Fulltext

Atmospheric Pollution Research

Analysis and interpretation of particulate matter - PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 emissions from the heterogeneous traffic near an urban roadway

Journal of Geophysical Research

Probing into regional O3and particulate matter pollution in the United States: 2. An examination of formation mechanisms through a process analysis technique and sensitivity study

ANN-based PM prediction model for assessing the temporal variability of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations at an urban roadway

Journal	International Journal of Environmental Engineering
Publisher	Inderscience Publishers
ISSN	1756-8463
Open Access	0