Silica nanoparticles were synthesized through a versatile sol–gel combustion method from hydrazide based hypercoordinated silicon complexes derived from the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with O-silylated hydrazide derivatives.

Anjaneyulu G-S-G-N

Department of Mathematics

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Ramalingam C

Department of Biotechnology

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Sasikumar S

Department of Chemistry

Akella Sivaramakrishna

Janardan S

Suman P

Ragul G

Shivendu R

Dasgupta N

Vijayakrishna K

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

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Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

Nanotechnology towards prevention of anaemia and osteoporosis: from concept to market

Due to their small size and unique physico-chemical characteristics, nanomaterials have gained importance in the agri-food sector, notably in preservation and packaging. Future applications will focus on shelf life, food quality, safety, fortification and biosensors for contaminated or spoiled food, irrigating water and drinking water. Different types and shapes of nanomaterials are being used depending upon the needs and nature of the work in agriculture and water quality management. Here we review the application of nanotechnology in agriculture. The major points discussed are: (1) Nanomaterials for agriculture and water quality management. (2) Research interests such as nanoscale carriers, fabricated xylem vessels, nanolignocellulosic materials, clay nanotubes, photocatalysis, bioremediation of resistant pesticides, disinfectants, agricultural wastewater treatment, nanobarcode technology, quantum dots for staining bacteria and nanobiosensors. (3) Nanotechnological applications for agriculture, which includes nanolignodynamic metallic particles, photocatalysis, desalination, removal of heavy metals and wireless nanosensors. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture and water quality management

Nano-titania is widely used in the food industry due to its efficient antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanism of microbial toxicity of nano-titania is poorly known. Here, nano-TiO2 has been fabricated by microwave-irradiation chemistry, a new method, and then tested for antimicrobial activity. Mutagenicity of nano-TiO2 was evaluated using Salmonella typhimurium histidine-auxotrophic strains. The reactive oxygen generation test was performed using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye. To test membrane permeabilization, E. coli cultures were grown in nutrient broth at an optical density of 0.3–0.5 at 610 nm, harvested by centrifugation at 11,000g for 10 min, washed and resuspended in 0.5 % NaCl solution. We also analyzed superoxide formation and membrane integrity, and we used scanning electron microscopy. Results show that nano-TiO2 has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15 µg/mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 20 µg/mL for E. coli. The bacterial inner wall was ruptured, and cytoplasmic content was released after 5 min of treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, superoxide formation was not observed, which establishes the fact that reactive oxygen generation and alteration of membrane integrity, as well as permeability, is the major mechanism of antimicrobial activity of nano-TiO2. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce bacterial membrane rupture by reactive oxygen species generation

Assessment on the antibacterial activity of nanosized silica derived from hypercoordinated silicon(iv) precursors

Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1 Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

Nanoagriculture and Water Quality Management

Nanotechnology has seen exponential growth in last decade due to its unique physicochemical properties; however, the risk associated with this emerging technology has withdrawn ample attention in the past decade. Nanotoxicity is majorly contributed to the small size and large surface area of nanomaterials, which allow easy dispersion and invasion of anatomical barriers in human body. Unique physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles make the investigation of their toxic consequences intricate and challenging. This makes it important to have an in-depth knowledge of different mechanisms involved in nanomaterials's action and toxicity. Nano-toxicity has various effects on human health and diseases as they can easily enter into the humans via different routes, mainly respiratory, dermal, and gastrointestinal routes. This also limits the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. This review focuses on the nanomaterial-cell interactions leading to toxicological responses. Different mechanisms involved in nanoparticle-mediated toxicity with the main focus on oxidative stress, genotoxic, and carcinogenic potential has also been discussed. Different methods and techniques used for the characterization of nanomaterials in food and other biological matrices have also been discussed in detail. Nano-toxicity on different organs-with the major focus on the cardiac and respiratory system-have been discussed. Conclusively, the risk management of nanotoxicity is also summarized. This review provides a better understanding of the current scenario of the nanotoxicology, disease progression due to nanomaterials, and their use in the food industry and medical therapeutics. Briefly, the required rules, regulations, and the need of policy makers has been discussed critically.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in consumer products, paints and pharmaceutical preparations. They have been shown to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity—in vitro and in vivo. So far there is lack of standardized protocol for in silico analysis of nano-toxicological evaluations. In the present study, it was attempted to analyze the titanium dioxide nanoparticles-protein interaction through docking using AutoDock 4.0.5 software. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with particle size of 1.09 nm were docked with different cellular proteins. Binding site area and volume has been determined by using CastP online server and docking has been performed at the active site as a pocket. The docked structures were analyzed for the most efficient binding with amino acids. It is the first study to report the interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles without any surface modification with proteins using docking analysis. The negative binding and docking energy inferred that the interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with certain proteins is significant. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle shows significant interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P-38), placental growth factor and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell proteins. Further, it has been observed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles show frequent interaction with proline, lysine as well as leusine. © 2015, The National Academy of Sciences, India.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences

A Novel Approach to Evaluate Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle–Protein Interaction Through Docking: An Insight into Mechanism of Action

A group of hypercoordinate silicon(IV) complexes are synthesized by the reactions of O-silylated N,N-dimethylhydrazides with YSiCl3 (Y = cyclohexyl and i-Bu). All the complexes are characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si-NMR spectroscopy. The influence of steric and electronic behavior of remote substituents and the groups attached to silicon on the methyl halide elimination reactions of these complexes are discussed. The rate of methyl-halide elimination strongly depends on the nucleophile strength (i.e., I- &gt; Br- &gt; Cl-) and the remote substituent R (R = Me &lt; t-Bu &lt; Ph). © 2016 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.

Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry

Revisiting Methyl-Halide Elimination Reactions in Hydrazide Based Hypercoordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. It is used for protection against UV exposure due to its light-scattering properties and high refractive index. Though TNPs are increasingly used, the synthesis of TNPs is tedious and time consuming; therefore, in the present study, microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach was used for TNP synthesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNPs can be synthesized only in 2.5 h; however, the commonly used chemical approach using muffle furnace takes 5 h. The activity of TNP depends on the synthetic protocol; therefore, the present study also determined the effect of microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach synthetic protocol on microbial and cytotoxicity. The results showed that TNP has the best antibacterial activity in decreasing order from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The IC50 values of TNP for HCT116 and A549 were found to be 6.43 and 6.04 ppm, respectively. Cell death was also confirmed from trypan blue exclusion assay and membrane integrity loss was observed. Therefore, the study determines that the microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach is time-saving; hence, this technique can be upgraded from lab scale to industrial scale via pilot plant scale. Moreover, it is necessary to find the mechanism of action at the molecular level to establish the reason for greater bacterial and cytotoxicological toxicity. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Microwave-irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach for titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis: microbial and cytotoxicological evaluation

Journal	Data powered by TypesetRSC Advances
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetRoyal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
ISSN	20462069
Open Access	0