In past decades, the possibility of using high atomic number nanoparticle has gained interest in gel dosimetry to enhance the dose deposited in the tumor while using low radiation as well as for better imaging purposes. Sparing of healthy tissues and targeting the tumor part have become much more captivating with the help of these systems. The gel dosimetry is a the three-dimensional dosimeter for extracting the dose, which can be used along with the nanoparticles like gold, platinum, and silver, for better therapeutic efficiency for modern radiotherapy techniques. These nanoparticles of different size prepared either by chemical route or green synthesis and incorporated into the gel system respond in a different manner. Having wide applications in therapeutic field, this study reviews the use of gel dosimeters in the therapeutic procedures and also with the aid of nanoparticles so as to achieve dose enhancement. The biological activity of the various nanoparticles has been discussed.