Diabetes Mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, abnormal elevated levels of lipid, and fat in blood and hypoinsulinaemia. This study aims at determining the anidiabetic potential of five traditional medicinal plants such as, Sarcostemma brevistigma, Grewia hirsuta, Indigofera aspalathoides, Memecylon edule and Solanum trilobatum. The selected plant parts were subjected to solvent extraction and analyzed for their antidiabetic activity using in vitro assays such as, α-amylase inhibition assay, glucose difusion assay, glucose uptake by yeast cells, and nonenzymatic glycosylation assay followed by phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography. The results of the assays suggest that among the selected plants, methanol extract of the S. brevistigma was significant in inhibiting the activity of α-amylase with IC50 value of 250μg/ml. Further assays proved that the same was efficient in its antidiabetic potential. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids in major amount. In addition, the thin layer chromatography revealed that five distinct compounds were present in the methanol extract of S. brevistigma, which might be responsible for its antidiabetic activity. Thus the study suggests that Sarcostmema brevistigma might be considered as a potential source of natural antidiabetic agents. © 2014–2015, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All rights reserved.