The organic third-order non-linear optical crystal HSPI, a new derivative of the stilbazolium family, was successfully synthesized and the optical quality single crystal was grown by a slow evaporation technique for the first time.

Kalainathan S

Department of Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Nivetha K

Yamada M

Kondo Y

Hamada F.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

RSC Advances

Urea-adipic acid (UHA) co-crystal was synthesized and harvested at room temperature by the slow evaporation method. The single X-Ray diffraction of the crystal system and its lattice parameters of the UHA co-crystal were determined. The functional nature of the compound was analyzed using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. By the UV–Vis spectrum, the optical transmission property was estimated and the mechanical stability was found by Vickers microhardness experiment. Further, the thermal stability and melting point was studied by TG/DSC methods. In the range of frequencies 50 Hz -5 MHz at different temperatures 313 K, 333 K, 353 K, and 373 K the crystal dielectric behavior has been observed. Fluorescence study and lifetime-resolved decay computation were also performed. The SEM picture rendered the surface morphology of UHA crystal. The structural properties of the UHA crystal were computed utilizing the CAM-B3LYP method and 6–311++G(d,p) basis set and found agreeable with the experiment data (XRD). The linear polarizability (α) and hyperpolarizability (β) of first-order have also been determined. The HOMO and LUMO (bandgap) energies, molecular electrostatic potential and Non-linear optics (NLO) explain the chemical activity of the UHA confirming the advantage of the material. The UHA nonlinear optical characteristics of third-order have been analyzed by the Z-scan technique. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Molecular Structure

Co-crystals of urea and hexanedioic acid with third-order nonlinear properties: An experimental and theoretical enquiry

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

A New Nonlinear Optical Stilbazolium Family Crystal of (E)-1-Ethyl-2-(4-nitrostyryl) Pyridin-1-ium Iodide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Its Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties

A semi-organic nonlinear optical material phosphoric acid pyridine-1-ium-2-carboxylate (PAPC) crystal has been synthesized and grown. Vibrational spectral analysis and NMR spectral analysis has been carried out. Mechanical studies on the grown crystal has been performed which disclose the material belongs to soft materials category. The thermal behaviour of the grown crystal has been investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. UV–Visible spectral analysis has been carried out which reveals that the grown crystal is transparent in the entire visible region with the lower cut-off wavelength of 298 nm and the derived optical constant attests the suitability of this material for non-linear optical applications. The third order nonlinearity has been studied by z-scan method and the enhanced third-order nonlinearity shows PAPC is a potential material for device applications. Second harmonic generation efficiency has been studied by Kurtz and Perry powder test and is found as 0.14 times greater than the KDP. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Synthesis, crystal structure, optical and third order nonlinear optical properties of phosphoric acid pyridine-1-ium-2-carboxylate

We synthesized noncentrosymmetric single crystals of L-phenylalanine nitrate (LPN) and tris L-(phenylalanine) L-phenylalaninium nitrate (TPLPN) by slow solvent evaporation technique. Both crystallized in monoclinic system with different acentric space groups namely P21 (LPN) and C2 (TPLPN) respectively. The IR and Raman spectral investigation was done for LPN and TPLPN and discussed. The UV-vis-studies accomplished the excitation wavelength of the grown crystals suitable to exhibit second harmonic generation signal. From the absorption data, remarkable optical properties such as direct band gap energy, Urbach energy, extinction coefficient were evaluated. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was examined by Vickers micro hardness test. The temperature of decomposition was confirmed by TG/DSC analysis. Fluorescence emission spectrum of LPN and TPLPN were recorded and lifetime was also studied. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of LPN and TPLPN has been determined as a function of frequency and temperature. Also the surface topologies of the crystallized salts were assessed by SEM studies. The third-order nonlinearities of LPN and TPLPN were determined by Z-scan technique with Nd: YAG at 532 nm and thereby from closed and open Z-scan data, third-order susceptibilities were calculated to be χ(3 ) = 8.826 × 10−6 esu for LPN and χ(3 ) = 2.552 × 10−7 esu for TPLPN. © 2018 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Chinese Journal of Physics

Growth and characterization of L-phenylalanine nitric acid (LPN) and tris L-(phenylalanine)-phenylalanininum nitrate (TPLPN) as second and third order nonlinear optical materials

A non-centro symmetric single crystal of Urea Oxalic acid (UOA) has been grown from aqueous solution by the process called slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) evinces UOA corresponding to the triclinic crystal system with the space group P. The diverse functional groups existing in UOA are vividly discovered with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectrum analysis. Ultraviolet (Uv)-visible spectral analysis reveals that the crystal has the cut-off wavelength of 263 nm. The thermal stability of the grown crystal has been studied by thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric technique. The Vicker's micro hardness test was also carried out employing one of the as-grown crystals are assessed. The dielectric behavior of the grown crystal was thoroughly analyzed for different temperatures. Fluorescence emission spectrum (PL) has been recorded and lifetime was also studied. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique was also carried out and determined the surface morphology topography of the UOA crystal. The theoretical study has been done by quantum mechanical calculations of DFT using Gaussian software package. The structural, vibrational and electronic properties of the title compound had been presented using the B3LYP method with 6-311++G (d, p) basis set. The linear polarizabilities (α) and the first order hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule have been calculated. The HOMO-LUMO energies show that the chemical activity of the molecule and molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEPs) and NLO activity confirm to the superiority of the material. The third order nonlinear optical characteristics of UOA have been investigated using z-scan technique. © 2018 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Growth, spectroscopic studies, and third order non-linear optical analysis of an organic dicarboxylic acid based single crystal: Urea Oxalic acid

Investigation on the growth, structural, HOMO–LUMO and optical studies of 1-ethyl-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium iodide (HSPI) – a new stilbazolium derivative for third-order NLO applications

The search for organic crystals with highly efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) properties with a high surface laser damage threshold (LDT) has become more of a demand in the frontier areas of optical switching and communications applications.

Bulk crystal growth and nonlinear optical characterization of a stilbazolium derivative crystal: 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-l methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (DSTPB) for NLO device fabrication

A new organic stilbazolium derivative crystal 2-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-methyl-pyridinium naphthalene-2-sulfonate dehydrate (C25H23NO5S·2H2O) (VSNS) was synthesized successfully.

RSC Adv.

Investigation of synthesis, crystal structure and third-order NLO properties of a new stilbazolium derivative crystal: a promising material for nonlinear optical devices

We explored the growth of the highly nonlinear optical stilbazolium salt 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium naphthalene-2-sulfonate (DSNS) by a slow evaporation method.

CrystEngComm

Effect of additives on the large-size growth of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium naphthalene-2-sulfonate (DSNS) single crystal: an efficient stilbazolium derivative NLO crystal with potential terahertz wave properties.

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