Internet of things (IoT) has become popular in smart vision of world development. It is more and more complex due to billions of heterogeneous wireless devices communicating each other. Each wireless sensor node or device consumes more energy for its communication. There are various techniques for reduction of this energy such as low energy routing algorithm by using particle swam optimisation (PSO) and advances in heuristic techniques with symbiotic organism search (SOS). But these techniques are inefficient due to direct deployment of sensor nodes in the network without considering the more energy consume when transmitting. This paper proposes an SOS internet of things (SOSIoT) technique that deals and regulates energy factors in IoT efficiently. It is a self-adaptive technique that aims to minimise the energy harvesting in significant manner on IoT. Finally, it presents a comparative result against existing methods on energy consumption factors. The impact of SOSIoT and optimal techniques battery life of smart devices increased up to the 40% to 60%. © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.