The iron (Fe) and tin (Sn) co-doped indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles at different Fe doping concentrations were prepared by solid state reaction and studied for their structural, optical and magnetic properties. The XRD patterns confirmed the cubic structure of all the undoped and co-doped samples. The average crystallite size decreased on increasing from 41 to 32 nm by increase of Fe doping concentration from 5 to 15 at.%. The optical band gap of the samples was found to decrease from 2.89 to 2.77 eV by increasing the Fe dopant concentration. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature and at 100 K by applying the field ±75,000 Oe perpendicular to the sample. The magnetization increased with increase of applied magnetic field and no saturation was observed in all the samples. The similar behavior was observed for the nanoparticles studied at 100 K. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Shaik Kaleemulla

Department of Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Chakraborty D

Rao N.M

Rao G.V.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Effect of doping concentration, temperature and magnetic field on magnetic properties of Mn doped ITO nanoparticles and thin films

Iron (Fe)-doped indium tin oxide thin films (In 0.95 − x Fe x Sn 0.05 ) 2 O 3 at x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 were deposited onto glass substrates using an electron beam evaporation technique. The coated thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, photoluminescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer to study their structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic properties, respectively. The crystallite size of the films increased from 18 to 30 nm with Fe concentration (x). The morphology showed the formation of nanorods. The bandgap of the films decreased from 3.94 to 3.81 eV. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirm the presence of Fe ions in two different oxidation states (Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ). The magnetic studies revealed the paramagnetic behavior of the films at room temperature and at low temperature (5 K). The effective magnetic moment (μ eff ) of Fe-doped indium tin oxide thin films was calculated using Langevin theory of paramagnetism extending to Curie’s law. The effective magnetic moment (μ eff ) was increased on increasing the dopant concentration. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism

No Signature of Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Fe-Doped ITO Thin Films

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THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND APPLIED PHYSICS (THE 1ST ICP&AP) 2019: Fundamental and Innovative Research for Improving Competitive Dignified Nation and Industrial Revolution 4.0

Synthesis and characterization of Fe doped ITO nanoparticles

Cubic structured indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and copper-doped ITO nanoparticles were synthesized by solid state reaction. The structure, morphology, chemical, magnetic, and photoluminescence properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied by x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and photoluminescence spectrophotometry, respectively. Magnetic studies confirmed that the ITO nanoparticles were ferromagnetic at room temperature (300 K) and at 100 K, and it was believed that the observed ferromagnetism may be due to oxygen vacancies and defects present in the system. No hysteresis loop was observed in copper-doped ITO nanoparticles at room temperature and 100 K. The ITO and Cu-doped ITO nanoparticles exhibited two broad emission peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. © 2016, The Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Society.

Journal of Electronic Materials

Studies on Ferromagnetic and Photoluminescence Properties of ITO and Cu-Doped ITO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solid State Reaction

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (In0.95Sn0.05)2O3 and Cr doped indium-tin-oxide (In0.90Sn0.05Cr0.05)2O3 nanoparticles were prepared using simple low cost solid state reaction method and characterized by different techniques to study their structural, optical and magnetic properties. Microstructures, surface morphology, crystallite size of the nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). From these methods it was found that the particles were about 45 nm. Chemical composition and valence states of the nanoparticles were studied using energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these techniques it was observed that the elements of indium, tin, chromium and oxygen were present in the system in appropriate ratios and they were in +3, +4, +3 and −2 oxidation states. Raman studies confirmed that the nanoparticle were free from unintentional impurities. Two broad emission peaks were observed at 330 nm and 460 nm when excited wavelength of 300 nm. Magnetic studies were carried out at 300 K and 100 K using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and found that the ITO nanoparticles were ferromagnetic at 100 K and 300 K. Where-as the room temperature ferromagnetism completely disappeared in Cr doped ITO nanoparticles at 100 K and 300 K. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Physica B: Condensed Matter

Microstructure, ferromagnetic and photoluminescence properties of ITO and Cr doped ITO nanoparticles using solid state reaction

ITO (In0.95Sn0.05)2O3 and Ni doped ITO (In0.90Sn0.05Ni0.05)2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by solid state reaction method and subjected to study their structural, optical and magnetic properties. The NPs had a size distribution in the range of 40 nm and were identified as the bcc cubic In2O3 by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical properties of the samples were studies using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Magnetic measurements were carried out at room temperature and at 100 K using vibrating sample magnetometer and found that the ITO nanoparticles were ferromagnetic in nature at room temperature. The strength of the magnetization decreased in ITO nanoparticles when the magnetic measurements carried out at 100 K. © 2016 Author(s).

AIP Conference Proceedings

Synthesis and characterizations of (In0.90Sn0.05Ni0.05)2O3 nanoparticles using solid state reaction method

Magnetic, magnetoresistivity and superconductivity studies were carried out on (In1-xFex)2O3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) thin films (2D structures) grown on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique at 350 C. The films have an average size of 120 nm particles. All the samples shown soft ferromagnetic hysteresis loops at room temperature and saturation magnetization increased with iron dopant concentration. Observed magnetization could be best interpreted by F-center mediated magnetic exchange interaction in the samples. Temperature dependent resistivity of the sample (x = 0.00 and 0.07) showed metallic behavior down to very low temperatures and superconductivity at 2 K for undoped In2O3 whereas the In1.86Fe0.14O3 sample shows superconductivity below 2 K in the absence of magnetic fields. The reduction in transition temperature was attributed to increase electrical disorder with iron doping. Both samples showed positive magnetoresistivity (MR) in superconducting state due to increase of resistivity resulting from breaking of superconducting Cooper pairs upon application of magnetic field. In addition, both the samples show feeble negative MR in normal electrical state. The observed MR in normal state is not due to spin polarized tunneling instead it is due to suppression of scattering of charge carrier by single occupied localized states. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Magnetic and superconductivity studies on (In1−Fe )2O3 thin films

Iron doped indium oxide dilute magnetic semiconductor (In1-xFex)2O3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) powders were synthesized by standard solid state reaction method followed by vacuum annealing. The effect of Fe concentration on structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the (In1-xFex)2O3 powders have been systematically studied. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the polycrystalline cubic structure of all the samples. An optical band gap increases from 3.12 eV to 3.16 eV while Fe concentration varying from 0.03 to 0.07. Magnetic studies reveal that virgin/undoped In2O3 is diamagnetic. However, all the Fe-doped In2O3 samples are ferromagnetic. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of ferromagnetic (In1-xFex)2O3 (x = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) samples increases from 11.56 memu/g to 148.64 memu/g with x = 0.03-0.07. The observed ferromagnetism in these samples was attributed to magnetic nature of the dopant (Fe) as well as defects created in the samples during vacuum annealing. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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ISSN	0957-4522
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