N-Ethyl quinolinium chromophore crystal 2-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-ethyl-quinolinium iodide (PCLQI) has been successfully grown by the slow evaporation technique.

Kalainathan S

Department of Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

Vellore Campus

Karthigha S

Hamada F

Yamada M

Kondo Y.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

RSC Advances

A new metal-organic NLO single crystal of 2-Aminopyridinium bis[hexaaqua(cobalt(II)) sulfate] monohydrate (2APCS) has been obtained by the reaction of aqueous solution of 2-Aminopyridine and cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate and by room temperature slow evaporation process. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the grown single crystal confirms the P1¯ space group of a triclinic structure. The crystalline molecules are stabilized by elaborate O–H⋯O and N–H⋯O classical three dimensional hydrogen bonding network. The functional groups in the 2APCS were established by the FT-IR and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The obtained crystals were also characterized for thermal stability, dielectric, optical and nonlinear optical properties. Z-Scan technique was employed to observe the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility and was observed to be high. The optical limiting behaviour of the grown crystal is recognized mainly to nonlinear refraction. © 2019

Journal of Molecular Structure

Synthesis, structural, vibrational, thermal, dielectric and optical properties of third order nonlinear optical single crystal for optical power limiting applications

An organic quinolinium derivative nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, 1-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-quinolinium iodide (PNQI) was synthesized and successfully grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Formation of a crystalline compound was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The quinolinium compound PNQI crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with a centrosymmetric space group of P-1 symmetry. The molecular structure of PNQI was confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral studies. The thermal properties of the crystal have been investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The optical characteristics obtained from UV–Vis–NIR spectral data were described and the cut-off wavelength observed at 506 nm. The etching study was performed to analyse the growth features of PNQI single crystal. The third order NLO properties such as nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3)) of the crystal were investigated using Z-scan technique at 632.8 nm of He[sbnd]Ne laser. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

Synthesis, growth, crystal structure, optical and third order nonlinear optical properties of quinolinium derivative single crystal: PNQI

Organic nonlinear optical benzil single crystal of fine quality with the dimensions of 168 × 14 mm2 was successfully grown in (100) plane from saturated solution by unidirectional SR method. The structural identity of the grown crystal was confirmed by powder XRD. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the crystalline perfection of the grown benzil crystal. The optical analysis was carried out by UV–visible spectroscopy which shows that the benzil crystal’s cut off wavelength is 437 nm. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of benzil crystal are found to be very much depending upon temperature and frequency. Ferroelectric nature of grown crystal was identified by P–E hysteresis analysis and to find the values of spontaneous polarization and coercive field. The laser damage threshold energy was studied with the help of Nd:YAG laser. The presence of third harmonic generation was identified by z-scan techniques. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Applied Physics B

Growth and characterization of unidirectional benzil single crystal for photonic applications

An organic quinolinium derivative crystal 1-ethyl-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl) vinyl]-quinolinium iodide has been synthesized by knoevenagel condensation reaction and the crystals were grown by solution growth method for the first time. The grown crystal structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and it showed that TMQI crystal belong to the triclinic space group P-1. The molecular structure and composition of the crystal was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (FT-NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The thermal stability of the title crystal has been investigated by TG/DSC curves. The linear optical response of the grown crystal has been examined by using UV–Vis-NIR spectral analysis, and the photoluminescence spectrum exhibits strong emission radiation at 558 nm. The chemical etching analysis was carried to reveal the growth pattern of TMQI crystal. Laser induced damage threshold of the title crystal was found to be 1.15 GW/cm2. The third order nonlinear optical property of grown crystal was studied using Z-scan technique and the magnitude of third order nonlinear susceptibility has found to be in the order of 10−3 esu, which is higher than the reported quinolinium derivative crystals. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Synthesis, growth, structural, optical and third order nonlinear optical properties of new quinolinium derivative single crystal: 1-ethyl-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl) vinyl]-quinolinium iodide

Journal of Crystal Growth

Crystal growth, structural investigation and characterization of newly grown quinolinium derivative single crystal: 1-Ethyl-2-(2-p-tolyl-vinyl)-quinolinium; iodide

Synthesis, growth, structural, optical, luminescence, surface and HOMO LUMO analysis of 2-[2-(4-cholro-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-methylquinolinium naphthalene-2-sulfonate organic single crystals grown by a slow evaporation technique

Optics & Laser Technology

Studies on optically induced nonlinear absorption and refractive index of Br1 crystal for near IR optical switching application

Handbook of Organic Materials for Electronic and Photonic Devices

Molecular crystals and thin films for photonics

Effect of l-cysteine on optical, thermal and mechanical properties of ADP crystal for NLO application

Dyes and Pigments

N-Methylquinolinium derivatives for photonic applications: Enhancement of electron-withdrawing character beyond that of the widely-used N-methylpyridinium

Synthesis, growth and third-order nonlinear optical properties of quinolinium single crystal-PCLQI

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