Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

It is not uncommon to observe autoimmune comorbidities in a significant subset of patients with psychotic disorders, namely schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). To understand the autoimmune basis, the DNA abyzme activity mediated by serum polyclonal IgG Abs were examined in psychoses patients, quantitatively, by an in-house optimized DNase assay. A similar activity exhibited by IgG Abs from neuropsychiatric-systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) patients was used as a comparator. Our data revealed that the IgG DNase activity of SCZ was close to that of NP-SLE and it was twofold higher than the healthy controls. Interestingly, the association between DNase activity with PANSS (positive, general and total scores) and MADRS were noted in a subgroup of SCZ and BPD patients, respectively. In our study group, the levels of IL-6 and total IgG in BPD patients were higher than SCZ and healthy controls, indicating a relatively inflammatory nature in BPD, while autoimmune comorbidity was mainly observed in SCZ patients. © 2021, The Author(s).

World University root node

Centre for Bio-Separation and Technology

Vellore Campus

Fulltext

npj Schizophrenia

DNA hydrolysing IgG catalytic antibodies: an emerging link between psychoses and autoimmunity

Aloe vera, a succulent herb, has a long history of use in traditional medicine, including diabetes. Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the Aloe vera extract has the ability to inhibit the diabetic drug target dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV in&nbsp;vitro. This current study focuses on the isolation of small water soluble active molecule(s) involved in DPP-IV inhibition from Aloe vera extract, and further to characterize its structure and to elucidate the mode of inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme. Aloe vera gel ethanolic extract was subjected to preparative reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), LH-20 Sephadex gel filtration chromatography, followed by analytical RP-HPLC, to isolate the active molecule involved in DPP-IV inhibition. Based on the spectroscopic studies, the structure of the isolated DPP-IV inhibitor was predicted to be 3, 6-dioxo-3, 3a, 6, 6 a-tetrahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c] pyrrole-1, 4-dicarboxamide with the chemical formula C8H6N4O4, having the molecular weight of 225.175 Da. This molecule inhibited the DPP-IV enzyme in a noncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 8.59 ± 2.61 µM, with a Ki of 4.7 ± 0.038 µM. Thus, the mechanism of DPP-IV inhibition and the inhibitory constants were determined. The results of our studies suggested that the inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme as one of the pathways by which the Aloe vera extract may restore the pancreatic islets cell mass in diabetic animal model. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.

VIT Unitversity

Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology

A dipyrrole derivative from Aloe vera inhibits an anti-diabetic drug target Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP)-IV in vitro

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

An L-fucose specific lectin from Aspergillus niger isolated from mycotic keratitis patient and its interaction with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells

Glycoconjugate Journal

Purification, characterization and fine sugar specificity of a N-Acetylgalactosamine specific lectin from Adenia hondala

HDL-ApoA1 plays a pivotal role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. ApoA1 purification from blood plasma has always remained tedious, involving multiple steps, large volumes of plasma and substantial loss in the final yield of pure ApoA1. In this study, a two-step method has been developed and optimized for the purification of ApoA1 from plasma. Plasma was first subjected to 60% ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and subsequently, ApoA1 was recovered using mixed mode chromatographic sorbent, HEA HyperCel™. ApoA1 was found to be enriched in 60% (NH4)2SO4 supernatant that was dialyzed and injected onto HEA sorbent with 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The bound proteins were eluted by decreasing the pH in step-gradient from pH 7.4 to pH 4.0 and subsequently to pH 3.5 using 50 mM sodium acetate buffer. Gel electrophoresis showed elution of homogeneous apoA1 at pH 3.5, with purity and yield of 63%. An interesting feature of this approach is that the purified ApoA1 was monomeric with a mass of 28,079.30 Da as confirmed by MS analysis. This simple and efficient method of purification of apoA1 serves as an alternative method which can be combined with traditional approaches and has a great potential for biochemical and clinical studies. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Chromatography B

Efficient purification of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) from plasma by HEA HyperCel™: An alternative approach

Pseudobiospecific ligand l-histidine is an inexpensive, highly stable, non-toxic ligand explored successfully over the last twenty years for the purification of immunoglobulins in immobilised histidine ligand affinity chromatography. It is of great interest to know the molecular recognition sites of IgG to immobilized l-histidine. Here, we have used an in silico approach to explore the molecular recognition of l-histidine by IgG. We have assessed the feasible binding modes of histidine and its moieties at different sites of IgG and considered only those binding conformations which are exhibited via the imidazole ring NH group or any other OH donating group apart from the ones which are terminally conjugated with the support matrix. We categorised binding site into two categories; category I: inner binding groove and category II: surface binding groove and observed that the hinge region of IgG has most favourable binding pocket for l-histidine and histidyl moieties. Ser and Tyr residues on the hinge region make several significant interactions with l-histidine and histidyl moieties. In case of Fc region of IgG, l-histidine and histidyl moieties closely resemble the binding modes of Protein A, biomimetic ligand 22/8 and B domain of SpA to IgG. In addition to these we have also observed a significant binding site for l-histidine and histidyl moieties at Fab region of IgG. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

Department of Social Sciences

School of Social Sciences & Languages

Molecular insight in the purification of immunoglobulin by pseudobiospecific ligand l-histidine and histidyl moieties in histidine ligand affinity chromatography (HLAC) by molecular docking

The pseudobiospecific affinity ligand l-histidine was immobilized on epoxy, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), and ethylenediamine (EDA) convective interaction media (BIA Separations, Slovenia) monolithic disks to obtain the histidyl affinity column for purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The kinetics and the mass transfer properties of the affinity columns were studied to determine the optimum buffer condition, flow rate, and concentration of IgG for maximum IgG adsorption. The binding capacities of all the three affinity columns were higher with zwitterionic buffer morpholinopropanesulfonic acid than with charged buffers such as tris-HCl and phosphate buffers, and the optimum pH was 6.5. The interaction of IgG with histidine immobilized CDI and epoxy disks was found to be predominantly driven by ionic interaction, while the interaction with EDA-histidine disk could be partially governed by multiple non-covalent forces of interaction. The maximum binding capacity (Qm) of l-histidine immobilized on EDA-, CDI-, and epoxy-activated convective interaction media disks were 19.83 ± 0.25, 15.85 ± 0.18 and 12.11 ± 0.17 mg/ml of support, respectively, and the dissociation constant (Kd) were calculated to be in the micromolar range for all the three histidyl monolithic columns. Purification of IgG from untreated human serum was also attempted, and the results indicate the high potential of this method for purification of total IgG from complex biological sources and also for separation of IgG1 from other subclasses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Development ofl-histidine immobilized CIM®monolithic disks for purification of immunoglobulin G

Affinity selection of histidine-containing peptides using metal chelate methacrylate monolithic disk for targeted LC–MS/MS approach in high-throughput proteomics

The IgM antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' sera were screened for peptide hydrolyzing activity. Recovery of structurally intact IgM antibodies (Abs), in a single step, was achieved using a weak anion-exchange methacrylate monolith disk. The IgM Abs from patients' sera hydrolyzed the Pro-Phe-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (PFR-MCA) substrate appreciably compared to the healthy donors. The apparent K(m) values of IgM Abs from patients' sera were between 0.4 and 0.7 mM. Furthermore, IgM Abs displayed 5 to 10-folds greater proteolysis activity than IgG Abs, recovered from the same pathological serum. The proteolysis activity, as a function, was found to be independent of IgM-RF titer value. Affinity labeling approach targeted at the catalytic site histidine was studied, using a specific irreversible inhibitor, N-α-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). Despite modification of catalytic His, observation of serine protease like activity suggest presence of an atypical catalytic framework in a few pathological IgM Abs.