Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

The increase in population, greater life expectancy, and lifestyle choices have caused a drastic increase in the number of bone diseases such as bone tumours, osteoarthritis and bone fractures. This results in the dire need for treatment options such as suitable bone grafts that can be easily fabricated, and are economical. In this study, fabricated composite scaffolds are made from polysaccharide biopolymers, namely gellan and guar gum, and hydroxyapatite by freeze drying method. The developed scaffolds of optimum concentration showed a maximum percentage degradation of 13.7% only until 21 days in phosphate buffered saline solution, and minimum swelling capacity. The mechanically stable scaffolds (compressive strength equivalent to cancellous bone region, ˜3–30 MPa) amongst them were then subjected to characterization tests—scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, swelling ratio percentage determination, degradation profile study and water vapour transmission study. The cytotoxic evaluation of the optimised scaffolds was performed using MTT assay with murine fibroblast (L929) cells and osteosarcoma (MG63) cells. It was found that the scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and additionally, the cells had proliferated well within the scaffolds, which was confirmed by MTT assay at 1, 4 and 7 days after cell seeding onto the scaffolds. © 2019

VIT Unitversity

School of Architecture

Vellore Campus

Department of Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

Carbohydrate Polymers

Gum based 3D composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

The treatment of nerve injuries has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques. Prior to tissue engineering, suturing and surgery were the only options for effective treatment. With the advent of tissue engineering, it is now possible to design a scaffold that matches the exact biological and mechanical properties of the tissue. This has led to substantial reduction in the complications posed by surgeries and suturing to the patients. New synthetic and natural polymers are being applied to test their efficiency in generating an ideal scaffold. Along with these, cells and growth factors are also being incorporated to increase the efficiency of a scaffold. Efforts are being made to devise a scaffold that is biodegradable, biocompatible, conducting and immunologically inert. The ultimate goal is to exactly mimic the extracellular matrix in our body, and to elicit a combination of biochemical, topographical and electrical cues via various polymers, cells and growth factors, using which nerve regeneration can efficiently occur. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

World University root node

Materials Science and Engineering: C

Biomaterials and cells for neural tissue engineering: Current choices

Code Analyzer is a metrics analysis tool which is used to find Total files, Total Lines, Code Lines, comment lines. White Space Lines, Average Line length, Number of blank and comment lines, Code ratio, comment ratio etc. All the above-mentioned metrics are calculated for the whole project, for the functions and classes of the project separately. Code Analyzer is a Java application for C, C++, Java, assembly, HTML, and user-defined software source metrics. It calculates metrics across multiple source trees as one coherent code set. It allows the exclusion of portions of included tree by individual file or by a subtree. It has a nice tree view of the project with flexible report capabilities. It is built around the Java tree display component, JTree. © 2017 IEEE.

Department of Digital Communications

School of Information Technology and Engineering

2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI)

Analysis of LOC attributes using code analyzer and correlation methods

Passive cooling refers to any technologies or design features adopted to reduce the indoor temperature of buildings without the need for conventional energy. Passive downdraft cooling (PDEC) system is an emerging system of passive technique and has proved to be successful in reducing the cooling load in buildings especially in hot and dry climates. The aim of this study is to explore the efficiency of PDEC systems in moderate and composite climatic regions of India, as well. The study is intended to understand the concept, spatial requirement, suitable climatic conditions and the mechanism of PDEC systems. The issues involved in design of PDEC towers have been addressed. The results suggest that effective design of PDEC towers could significantly reduce the energy bills and carbon footprints as well. This technique may therefore be widely relevant to non-residential buildings in hot climatic regions of India where more energy is required for mechanical cooling systems during the hot seasons; hence architects and engineers must initiate the importance of PDEC systems in their building design. © EM International.

Ecology, Environment and Conservation

An overview of passive downdraft evaporative cooling as an alternative to mechanical cooling systems in moderate and composite climatic zones of India

Green roof application on real residential buildings in Tamilnadu, India is very limited and mostly concentrated in major cities mainly for visual purposes. There is not enough research has been conducted to boost up the benefits of green roof system in Warm and Humid weather in India. Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing a building's energy demand for space conditioning. To quantify the thermal performance and energy efficiency of green roofs an experimental investigation was done in residential buildings of Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. This paper refers to the analysis of the thermal properties and indoor thermal performance study of the green roof. The investigation were implemented in two phases: during the first phase, extended surface, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken at the indoor and outdoor environment of the buildings where the green roof had installed and during the second phase of the study, the thermal properties of the green roof, as well as, the cooling potential were examined. Results showed vegetative roofs reduced heat gain compared to the white reflective roofs and conventional reinforced cement concrete due to the thermal mass, extra insulation, and evapo-transpiration associated with the vegetative roofing systems. The results also proved that green roofs provide acceptable indoor thermal performance with respect to the other conventional roofs while re-establishing the relationship between human and environment, which have been destroyed due to the rapid urbanization. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Key Engineering Materials

Thermal performance evaluation of green roofs in warm humid climates: A case of residential buildings in Madurai, India

This study focuses on the thermal performance of a selected of residential buildings in Madurai a warm humid climatic region in India. This study describes the impact on thermal performance alternative building material used in building envelopes of residential buildings in Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. These systems included walls with mud, brick, clay tile and roofs with thatch, clay tile, and reinforced concrete with filler materials. After thorough on-site investigation and data collection, the information, along with regional weather data were input into the Ecotect energy simulation software for thermal performance evaluation. The objective of this research was to search for energy-efficient construction techniques suitable for settlements and incorporating traditional cultural values in a warm humid region characterized very hot summers with mild winters and low diurnal (day/night) temperature range. This was pursued by analyzing temperature and measurements within buildings constructed from a variety of traditional and modern materials. The thermal behavior and comfort, the patterns of energy use and the appropriateness of the different building techniques and materials were analyzed, compared and discussed. A demonstration was done to show how a building envelope reacts to outdoor conditions through graphic illustration and show ways in which the research can be extended by the creation of simulations using Ecotect software. This study shows that it is possible to provide a thermally comfortable space in warm humid region without using mechanical air-conditioning systems. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

A comparative study of the thermal comfort of different building materials in madurai

Air conditioning energy consumption in summer represents a challenge in many areas with hot and humid climates. Passive cooling with thermal storage in phase change materials (PCMs) is a very effective way to improve thermal stability of the rooms with light-weight envelope. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate experimentally that it is possible to improve the thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of a building without substantial increase in the weight of the construction materials with the inclusion of PCM. This work aims at presenting an overview of the key researches in the field of use of PCMs in buildings and presenting a green approach for their uses in building envelopes with specific implementation on the case of hot humid regions. Thermal behaviour of wall integrated with two different types of PCMS Polyethylene glycol (PEG) E600 and Capric Acid (C10 H20 O 2) was compared by measurements and calculations. Three test cells were built for comparative investigation of the efficiency of passive cooling with the use of the PCMs. This paper deals with the results of experiments carried out in the test cells and possibilities of activation of PCMs for effective passive cooling.

Energy and Environment

Energy efficiency in buildings in hot humid climatic regions using phase change materials as thermal mass in building envelope

Roof thermal performance is one of the most important factors for achieving indoor thermal comfort in tropical houses designed for natural cross ventilation. This research aims to find the suitable roof constructions for naturally ventilated residential buildings in warm humid climates of India. The research has been carried out at Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. The roof constructions included the types which are widely used in Residential Buildings in Madurai and also the new ones. This study, based on field study data, discusses roof design strategies for a warm-humid climate by investigating the impacts of roof thermal performance on indoor thermal comfort in naturally ventilated houses. This study is aimed to find the roof constructions which gain the least amount of heat during the hottest days of summer and to find how much thermal comfort is provided though out the year. In this respect the Traditional Madras terrace roofs and the Sloped Reinforced concrete roofs with clay tile roof showed the best performance. It was experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to maintain the indoor temperature 2°C -6°C lower than the outdoor temperature using passive roofing in a warm humid climate. This study uses an experimental approach in which the measurements of outdoor and indoor environments are conducted on residential buildings during extreme summer days. The Thermo physical properties of the roofs are also analyzed. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.