Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Embedded Technology

Energy consumption is a critical issue for battery-powered mobile devices in ad hoc networks. Ad hoc wireless networks are power constrained since nodes operate with limited battery energy. If the routing protocol is not power aware, nodes simply get drained out of energy not being able to send, receive or forward packets to the destinations, thus degrading the performance of the network and network lifetime. Thus, routing protocols should be designed along with features of power aware protocols. This paper presents 'Span' a power aware protocol which is exploited by the routing protocols to increase the lifetime of networks. © 2005 - 2013 JATIT &amp; LLS. All rights reserved.

Department of Communication Engineering

School of Electronics Engineering

Vellore Campus

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

Increasing the lifetime of MANETs by power aware protocol - Span

In recent years Intelligent Smart Home System has become one of the main applications of Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper a low cost, low power smart home system using ZIGBEE, GSM, sensors (smoke, IR motion sensors) and RFID has been presented. ZIGBEE is a new short distance, low data rate wireless network technology. It is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 low rate wireless Personal Area Network standard. PIC16F877A controller is used in a predominant way because it is rich in peripherals and hence many devices can be interfaced at ease, it is also very cheap and can be easily assembled and programmed. The PIC controller controls the devices and sends the sensor values to the PC via ZIGBEE module. Although Bluetooth is better than ZIGBEE for transmission rate, ZIGBEE has lower power consumption. Hence, ZIGBEE is generally used for 24 hours monitoring of communication transmission systems. At the PC terminal, LABVIEW is used to control the GSM and ZIGBEE operations. The system can detect fire and theft situations and reacts accordingly by turning on the buzzer and sending alert SMS through GSM module. This system also monitors the building occupants and saves the energy by switching off certain devices like fan and lights when the room is unoccupied.

World University root node

International Journal of Engineering and Technology

Implementation of PIC16F877A based intelligent smart home system

At present, Boolean algebra based computations by the use of silicon based semiconductor technology are irreversible in nature. This is due to the mismatch of number of inputs and outputs. Reversible logic circuit maps unique input to the output and ensure one to one mapping and basis for emerging applications like low-power design, quantum computation, optical computing, bioinformatics and nanotechnologies. In computing paradigm, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the computing intensive building blocks of the computer that performs arithmetic and logical operations. This work understands and nurtures the necessity of reversible ALU for future revolutionary computing technologies. In this paper, a 4×4 reversible gate which alone performs arithmetic and logic operations is proposed and compared with other reversible gates like TSG, HNG and MKG, in terms of quantum cost, I/O lines and Taffoli gates. The results of different synthesis methods of 4×4 ALG using Revkit tool are studied. Proposed gate performs better than existing methods and ensures maximum logical operations like full adder, full subtractor and all logical operations with less hardware cost where other existing gates are not viable.

International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems

Reversible Arithmetic Logic Gate (ALG) for Quantum Computation

With ever increasing usage of mobile devices, Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET) will eventually become almost indispensable part of wireless communication field. Due to this advancement, there are potential opportunities for using MANET in real time and multimedia applications and Quality of Service (QoS) is vital for implementing such applications. Since MANET is infrastructure less with the nodes moving dynamically, ensuring of QoS parameters like bandwidth, delay, throughput etc are challenging. Designing of optimum Routing protocols with QoS constraints is one of the active research areas in MANET. This paper provides a survey of some of the existing MANET protocols with QoS support.

Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics

Manet routing protocols with qos support - A survey

Restricted computational power, memory limitations, narrow bandwidth and energy supplied present strong limits in sensor nodes are the important points should be considered during the real time transmission of data using wireless sensor networks. Therefore, maximizing network lifetime and minimizing energy consumption are always optimization goals. To reduce the energy consumption of the sensor network during image transmission, an energy efficient image compression scheme is proposed. The image compression scheme reduces the required memory. To address the above mentioned concerns, in this paper, an approach of image transmission in WSNs, taking advantage of JPEG2000 still image compression standard and using MATLAB and C from Jasper. The features provided by JPEG2000 were achieved using techniques such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation (EBCOT).Image quality and energy consumption are the two performance parameters should be considered during the image compression and transmission. Simulation results are presented and show that the proposed scheme optimizes network lifetime and reduces significantly the amount of required memory by analyzing the functional influence of each parameter of this distributed image compression algorithm. © 2005 - 2013 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved.

Energy efficient distributed image compression using JPEG2000 in wireless sensor networks (WSNS)

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system containing a cluster of mobile nodes which can dynamically change their network topology. It requires no pre-existing fixed network infrastructure or centralized administration. It operates in a standalone fashion. All the mobile nodes in the network are connected by wireless links. These nodes are free to move anywhere and organize themselves into a network. Each node behaves as a router and should therefore forward packets to other nodes in the network. For this purpose, a routing protocol is needed. Mobile ad-hoc network has certain characteristics such as dynamic topology that inserts new demands on the routing protocol which often limits resources such as storage capacity of CPU, battery power and bandwidth. Mobility models emulate the realistic conditions and dictate the movement of nodes. This paper aims to evaluate the performance and compare the three MANET routing protocols AODV, DSR and DSDV in different mobility conditions while varying pause time and node density. Three mobility models included are Random Waypoint, Random Walk and Random Direction. Lastly, we present simulation results that illustrate how the performance of a MANET protocols drastically change, as a result of changing the mobility taking Throughput, Average End-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio and Normalized Routing Load as differentials. The conclusion, which routing protocol is best in each of the varying mobility is also stated. Simulations are carried out using Ns2.

Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols under varying node mobility

Watermarking is a technique to embed identification codes, called watermarks, into cover media or host media and used for protection of intellectual property as well as authentication and integrity of information. This technique does not restrict access to the information while encryption has the aim of making messages unintelligible to unauthorized persons who might intercept them. A watermark is designed to permanently reside in the host data. In this literature an integer wavelet transform (IWT) based algorithm for transmission and security of medical images has been proposed. The IWT maps integers to integers and allows perfect inevitability with finite precision arithmetic. The extracted image which is obtained should have a high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) or else its discarded. At the receiver end the patient digest is cross verified to obtain back the watermarked medical image for further analysis. © 2013 Springer.