Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

VIT University

School of Civil Engineering

The aim of this study is to decolorize reactive dyeing effluent by of solar based photo-Fenton process coupled with lime flocculation, with an objective of reducing reagent requirement of Fenton process and improve the pH of the treated effluent. Coupling with lime flocculation has reduced forty percent of H2O2 reagent requirements of photo-Fenton process for 98% decolorization of simulated reactive dyeing wastewater after a reaction period of 60 minutes and improved effluent pH. It is clear from the literature survey that greater reagent dose of Fenton process is required to decolorize reactive dye effluents containing auxiliary chemicals compared to aqueous solution containing reactive dye alone, due to the inhibitive effect of excess chloride ion present in wastewater. Burnt clay bricks made from chemical sludge, produced during lime flocculation, by replacing 20% of brick earth have the same properties as a standard burnt clay brick and are acceptable from environmental point of view. © 2006-2020 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All Rights Reserved.

World University root node

Department of Structural and Geotechical Engineering

Vellore Campus

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Decolorization of Reactive Dyeing Effluent By Solar Photo-Fenton Process Coupled With Lime Flocculation

Many researchers are using sugarcane bagasse ash as a pozzolanic admixture. Pozzolanic admixture is an amorphous aluminosilicate materials, which may not be naturally cementitious, but react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) ande water to form cementitious compounds. Mostly Fly ash and other pozzolanic materials have been utilized as raw materials in Geopolymer concrete. However, sugarcane bagasse ash is also rich in aluminosilicate source, which is a primary requirement for the geopolymer concrete. This experimental study was to synthesize geopolymer from sugarcane bagasse ash and metakaolin in order to effectively utilize both these low cost and easily available materials. In this study physico-chemical and morphology characterization of sugarcane bagasse ash and metakaolin were studied and observed that sugarcane bagasse ash needed mechanical as well chemical treatment in order to enhance its pozzolanic reactivity. In the chemical processing of sugarcane bagasse ash, calcination has been carried out at 700 °C for 90 min. while in mechanical treatment grinding has been done for 2 h grinding in ball mill. For synthesizing geopolymer three parameters were considered i.e. effect of silica/alumina ratio, effect of alkaline activator/binder ratio and effect of sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio, while the molarity of sodium hydroxide was fixed i.e. 6 M. In silica/alumina ratio, four ratios were considered i.e. 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5. In alkaline activator/binder ratio 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60 ratios were taken. Lastly in sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 were considered. Finally the optimal mix proportion was defined based on the 28 day compressive strength and it was observed 2.5 silica/alumina ratio was the optimum ratio among the other silica/alumina ratios. In alkaline activator/binder ratio and sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio 0.50 and 2.5 ratio respectively was the optimal ratio.

Department of Chemical Engineering

School of Chemical Engineering

Construction and Building Materials

Synthesis and characterization of geopolymer from metakaolin and sugarcane bagasse ash

This study is aimed at investigating the durability properties of Composite Fiber Reinforced High-Performance Concrete. A 15% partial replacement of cement by weight was done with ultra-fine fly ash. The addition of nanosilica was in fractions of 0%, 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% by weight of cement. For each of the above combinations, 1.0% steel and 0.25% polypropylene fibers, respectively, by volume of the binders were added. A constant aggregate binder ratio of 2.0 and varying water binder ratios of 0.275, 0.300, 0.325 were used in this investigation. The sorptivity test was performed to assess the rate of absorption, and the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) was performed to assess the permeability of concrete. Test results revealed that all the mixes attained low to very low chloride permeability. The decrease in chloride ion permeability for mixes with nanosilica and ultra-fine fly ash ranged from 53.83% to 71.45% for 28 days curing period and 55.88% to 74.27% for 56 days curing period, as against the reference mix. ‘Residual Compressive Strength’ and ‘Percentage Weight Loss’ for 28 and 56 days of immersion in 5% concentrated solutions of HCl, H2SO4, and MgSO4 were evaluated to study the effects of aggressive ions such as chlorides and sulfates on concrete. The weight loss observed ranged from 7.09% to 2.07% in the case of HCl, from 7.96% to 2.86% in the case of MgSO4, from 17.93% to 11.02% in case of H2SO4 for water binder ratio of 0.275 and 56 days of immersion. The percentage reduction in strength after 56 days of immersion for mixes with water binder ratio of 0.275 ranged from 14.39% to 8.92% in HCl, from 14.53% to 9.66% in MgSO4 and 14.81% to 10.92% in H2SO4. The outcomes of the study showed that a combination of 15% ultra-fine fly ash and 3% nanosilica is the optimum replacement level to achieve increased durability, reduced porosity and permeability due to improved macro and micrometer densities of concrete. In addition, steel and polypropylene fibers have also made a small contribution towards improving the durability of Composite Fiber Reinforced High-Performance Concrete. © 2020

Experimental study on durability characteristics of composite fiber reinforced high-performance concrete incorporating nanosilica and ultra fine fly ash

This paper assesses Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) classification and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Wayanad district during the years 2004 and 2018. The LULC classification of Wayanad district is identified using IRS P6 (Linear Imaging Self Scanner) LISS- III, and LST using thermal band of (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) ETM+ imageries. Maximum likelihood classification (MLC) technique is opted to categorize six land-use features: water body, paddy field, forest, dense, agricultural crops and built-up. From 2004 to 2018, impacts of changes in features are correlated with the raised LST. Overall vegetation cover shows an increasing pattern during the study period. The water bodies in Wayanad district improved from 4.30 to 32.68 sq.km due to construction of two dams: Banasurasagar and Karappuzha. However, agricultural crops and paddy field area have decreased by 4.7% in last 14 years. Decreasing rate of agricultural crops can be directly linked to population growth, thereby developing various built-up zones for basic needs. Forest and dense vegetated cover area are increased nearly 2.3 and 3.0%, respectively, during the study period, while bamboo degradation has also been witnessed from 2008 to 2013. The built-up class shows growth from 1.48 to 5.69% of total land area during 2004 and 2018. LULC have noticeable influences on LST with a negative correlation between vegetation cover and LST with a decrease of 1.75oC. The study findings can help the local authorities to implement urban planning regulations for public awareness and policy makers for a sustainable planning and management in forthcoming years. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Nanjing Normal University.

Fulltext

Annals of GIS

Land use/land cover and land surface temperature analysis in Wayanad district, India, using satellite imagery

Metro Water District (MWD) is an agency that administers water distribution in a large geographic region. It targets for existing conditions with future projections of water resources for conservation, supply, and usage. Hence, it is required to show proper water resources management for MWD. Where the river basin profiles are projected to provide the water resources management with potential issues for MWD. Here, Upper Chattahoochee River (UCR) basin of the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District (MNGWPD) selected for the study area. UCR is one of the largest river basins in the MNGWPD and it provides drinking and primary receiving water for nearly 3.5 million people of Atlanta Metro Region. In this study, Parallel Computing of Emulator based Spatial Optimization (PCESO) framework developed for spatial optimization of large complex watersheds. The proposed framework optimizes the hydrological model by parallel computing, emulator fit, sampling design, and spatial optimization. The results showed that 1) the computational time required for spatial optimization was significantly reduced by 50%, 2) goodness-of-fit reached its threshold limit in all stations inclusive in reservoir containing stations, 3) the water balance components and the optimized parameter values with sensitivity index provided the physical phenomena of the study area and showed the approximate hydrological processes in MWD. Further, this proposed work incorporates into future climate data can provide an accurate hydrological analysis with water allocation issues like water use, demand, conservation, and supply for MWD and it helps to identify the water-related disasters floods and droughts.

Water Resources Management

Approximation of Metro Water District Basin Using Parallel Computing of Emulator Based Spatial Optimization (PCESO)

Paver block construction in roads is versatile, attractive and aesthetical, cost effect and requires lesser maintenance cost. The main objective of this present work is to replace the natural river sand with manufactured sand with an incremental increase of 10% and to find out the optimum replacement level in respect of strength and durability properties of paver blocks for M30, M40 and M50 Grades of concrete. The availability of natural sand is depleting due to increase in developmental activities across the world particularly in India. In the current work manufactured sand is used as an alternative sand material in place of natural river sand and accordingly paver blocks were prepared with M-sand with an incremental increase of 10% to 100% replacement. The paver blocks so prepared was tested for its strength and durability property and discussed in detailed and reported. The use of Msand in concrete paver blocks reduces the environmental degradation such as depletion of water table. Hence in this research work an attempt was made to put forward an idea of using the M-sand in commercial products like paver blocks. This will be beneficial to ecological and environmental for sustainable developments towards greener world. © 2020 Alpha Publishers. All rights reserved.

Journal of Green Engineering

Evaluation of strength and durability properties of sustainable concrete paver blocks using manufactured sand as fine aggregates

The combined raft, soil and pile foundation system has reached a high level of familiarity and is now being used to support a large number of structures. When the bearing capacity of the raft foundation is acceptable but the settlement value exceeds the permissible limit, raft-soil system is reinforced with piles to reduce settlement. Here, piles act as settlement reducers to the raft-soil foundation system. Different researchers have studied the effect of varying pile, raft and soil parameters on the settlement response and load-sharing behaviour of the raft and piles in a combined raft, soil and pile foundation system but less attention has been paid to the stress response behaviour of the raft. As this aspect is considered to be important from economics of raft design, a study has been performed to understand the stress response of the raft on the introduction of piles. The stress response of the raft for varying load conditions, Ec/Es ratios, thicknesses of raft and diameters of pile have been studied by performing numerical analyses on the foundation system supporting a moderately loaded 12-storeyed real-time commercial structure located in Chennai, India. An attempt has been made to study the applicability of Equivalent Pier concept. The above analyses were performed for two different layouts of piles. The behaviour of the stress and settlement responses of the raft reinforced with piles was compared with unpiled raft. Staad-Pro V8i and Ansys 16.0 have been used for the study and this paper presents observations and discussions from the study. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Effect of piles on the design of raft foundation

This paper presents the application of constrained spline finite strip method (cSFSM) for cold-formed steel members with complex edge stiffeners. In this method, the principles of GBT are used to develop restraint matrices corresponding to local, distortional and global buckling. These matrices are applied in generalized eigen value equation by using transformation technique. The critical buckling stresses were calculated separately for pure local, distortional and global buckling. Based on the formulation, cross sectional geometries having complex lips are analysed to study the variations in buckling stresses developed. The increase in complexity of lip stiffeners increases the local buckling capacity of the cross section. However, for distortional buckling, the cross sections with inward lip stiffener offer higher buckling capacity than those with outward lips. The influence of lip stiffeners on global buckling was observed to be marginal from the present study. Copyright © 2018 by The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction.

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures, ICASS 2018

Elastic buckling of cold-formed steel complex cross sections using constrained spline finite strip method (CSFSM)

The common approach to landslide prediction is the integration of the observed landslide displacements, soil properties, and rainfall estimation into predictive models. In general, monitoring the evolution of an unstable slope may provide valuable information to gain a better understanding of the active prediction and early warning processes for potential geo-disasters. With this background an initiation has taken between India and Russia to develop cost effective methodology to monitor landslides under the Indo Russian Bilateral Collaborative Projects by DST-RFBR. Based on the hazard assessment The Nilgiris District in Tamil Nadu and Wayanad and Idukki Districts in Kerela area identified for further detailed study on monitoring Vulnerable slopes. On the territory of North Ossetia three sites of different mass volume and differenent activity rates were selected. Landslides that have not moved for years (for example Luarskiy landslide) commonly reactivate if ground water levels change dramatically, particularly when water penetrates old ground cracks, or construction activity creates slope modification that reduces stability. © 2020 North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, State Technological University. All rights reserved.

Centre for Disaster Mitigation and Management

Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories

Integrated monitoring of slope process in India and Russia [КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ МОНИТОРИНГ CКЛОНОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ИНДИИ И РОССИИ]

The present investigation is to identify an optimum mix combination amongst 28 different types of artificial lightweight aggregates by pelletization method with aggregate properties. Artificial aggregates with different combinations were manufactured from fly ash, cement, hydrated lime, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume, metakaolin, sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite, at a standard 17 minutes pelletization time, with 28% of water content on a weight basis. Further, the artificial aggregates were air-dried for 24 hours, followed by hardening through the cold-bonding (water curing) process for 28 days and then testing with different physical and mechanical properties. The results found the lowest impact strength value of 16.5% with a cement-hydrated lime (FCH) mix combination. Moreover, the lowest water absorption of 16.5% and highest individual pellet crushing strength of 36.7 MPa for 12 mm aggregate with a hydrated lime-GGBFS (FHG) mix combination. The results, attained from different binder materials, could be helpful for manufacturing high strength artificial aggregates. © 2020 Techno-Press, Ltd.