Titanium and its alloys are the materials of choice for most dental and orthopedic applications. Advantages of these materials include biocompatibility, good resistance to corrosion and excellent mechanical properties. However, bone response and implant success depend on the chemical and physical properties of the surface. Integration of the titanium implants with bone tissue can be improved and accelerated by the presence of hydroxyapatite coating or oxide tubular layers on the implant surface. Adhesion of cells such as osteoblasts to the implant surface is an important prerequisite to subsequent cell functions. Nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite grains improve bioactivity and improve osteoblast functions and are better than the micron-sized hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is produced on titanium by electrochemical deposition from electrolytes containing calcium and phosphorus precursors. This process uses titanium cathode. Advantages of the cathodic process include processing at ambient temperatures, dimensional conformity, flexibility of grain size, no post-treatment and obtaining thin coatings with less residual stress. By modifying the applied voltages, nano-dimensional hydroxyapatite has been obtained as a thin coating on titanium. Recently ultrasonic agitation has been employed to obtain a thin coating of hydroxyapatite. This coating contains nano-sized apatite that shows a promising osteoblast cell activity. Nanotubes of TiO2 have attracted increasing scientific and technological attention due to the increased exploitation of specific functional properties of TiO2 in various applications. Compared with the flat TiO2 layers, the nanotubuar layes of TiO2 can serve as suitable substrate for hydroxyapatite growth in biomedical applications and can be prepared by various techniques such as sol-gel, electrophoretic deposition and anodic oxidation. Anodization is preferred to the sol-gel and electrophoretic deposition as it provides strongly adherent TiO2 layer that the other two approaches generally do not produce. TiO2 nanotubes have been formed by anodic oxidation in fluoride-based acid electrolytes and these have thicknesses of up to a maximum of 500nm. Use of neutral NaF based electrolytes can produce high aspect ratio self-organized TiO2 nanotubes with thicknesses higher than 2μm. Both these electrolytes however produce corrugated or rippled tube walls. Use of fluoride-containing glycerol electrolyte is shown to produce smooth tubes of very high aspect ratio. Ultrasonic agitation of the electrolyte has also been employed to produce good quality TiO2 nanotubes. This article describes the cathodic deposition of nano-hydroxyapatite first and the features of anodic nanotubular TiO2 later. The processes are detailed and the properties of the coatings including the cell behavior are indicated. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.