The ever increasing demand and depletion of fossil fuels along with environmental concern has prompted search for alternate fuels. Biodiesel is poised to make important contributions to world energy since it is renewable, bio degradable and non-toxic in nature. Various oils have been used in biodiesel production owing to their availability among which fish oil is a significant one. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke, air cooled, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm at different loads and at different injection timings, 21°, 24° and 27°bTDC for studying the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with Ethyl Ester of Fish Oil (EEFO) and its blends. For a diesel engine, injection timing is a major parameter that sensitively affects the engine performance, emission and durability. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UBHC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in biodiesel blends were lower than diesel, whereas smoke was found to be higher. The brake thermal efficiency for B20 was higher compared to diesel in the entire load spectra. The ignition delay and combustion duration were shorter for biodiesel blends than diesel which results in lower heat release rate, peak pressure and rate of pressure rise. Retardation of injection timing caused decrease in emission and combustion parameters like NOx, HC, CO, peak pressure, ignition delay, combustion duration and heat release rate which increased with advancement in injection timing. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Sakthivel G

Mechanical

School of Mechanical Engineering

Chennai Campus

Saravanan N

Ilangkumaran M.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Energy

In recent years, exponential growth in population and accompanying surges in energy demands have created huge power requirements. This study explores pork lard methyl ester (PLME) produced from waste pork lards, an economically competitive contender to food grade oils. Using pork lards for biodiesel production serves the dual purpose of cheap biodiesel production and safe disposal of pork lards from meat processing facilities. The objective of this study is to compare the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of PLME20-fuelled diesel engines under different combinations of injection pressures and injection timings. Experimental results have shown that efficiency is increased by 3% when injection pressure is increased to 240 bar with retarded injection timing of 21° before top dead center (bTDC) at full load. The brake-specific energy consumption is found to decrease by 1.88 MJ/kWh for the same blend (PLME20 at 240 bar, 21° bTDC). In the emission point of view, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are found to be decreased drastically for increased pressure with retardation of injection timing. However, nitrogen oxide emission is found to be increased for higher injection pressures. Hence, PLME of 20% blend in compression ignition engine exhibits better characteristics with the higher injection pressures and retardation of injection timing. Abbreviations: PLME: pork lard methyl ester; PLME20: diesel 80% + pork lard methyl ester 20%; ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials; BMEP: brake mean effective pressure; BSFC: brake-specific fuel consumption; BSEC: brake-specific energy consumption; bTDC: before top dead center; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; BSCO: brake-specific carbon monoxide; BSHC: brake-specific hydrocarbon; BSNOX: brake-specific oxides of nitrogen; CHRR: cumulative heat release rate; CI: compression ignition; CO2: carbon dioxide; DI: direct injection; IP: injection pressure; IT: injection timing; FIP: fuel injection pressure; FIT: fuel injection timing; HRR: heat release rate; KOH: potassium hydroxide; LHV: lower heating value; ND: neat diesel; NOx: nitrogen oxide; WPL: waste pork lards. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.

International Journal of Green Energy

An investigation on CI engine characteristics using pork lard methyl ester at various injection pressures and injection timings

Stringent emission regulations and depletion of crude oil are driving researchers toward alternative fuels. In this context, palm oil emerges as a good competitor as it is highly economical compared to other alternative fuels. The current research work centers around the impact of palm oil methyl ester on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics at varying injection timings and exhaust gas recirculation rates. In the first phase of this research work, various blends of palm oil methyl ester with diesel with volume concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% were prepared and tested at different load conditions. Injection timing was then varied for the optimized blend. In the second phase, the impact of exhaust gas blending with fresh charge was studied at optimized injection timing. The test outcomes revealed that 20% mix of palm oil at 27° bTDC with exhaust gas blending of 20% generated higher brake thermal efficiency, higher peak pressure, and less hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions compared to diesel at standard injection timing of 23° bTDC and no blending of exhaust gases with fresh charge. However, progression of injection timing with 20% exhaust gas mixing indicated a slight penalty in smoke discharges. Brake thermal efficiency at advanced injection timing with 20% mix of exhaust gases reduced by 7.7% for diesel and increased by 6.5% for 20% blend of palm oil when compared to standard injection timing of diesel and no blending of exhaust gases. Significant diminishments in oxides of nitrogen (lessened by 6.6%) and hydrocarbons (decreased by 30.43%) have been noted for 20% mix of biodiesel at advanced injection timing with 20% exhaust gas mix contrasted to diesel at standard conditions. Therefore, the present examination prescribes 20% merging of exhaust gases for 20% blend of palm oil with advancement of injection timing for diesel engine applications. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Engine parameter optimization of palm oil biodiesel as alternate fuel in CI engine

This paper describes the application of Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FAHP-TOPSIS) for the selection of optimum blend from the various alternative blends of fish oil and diesel. A single cylinder, constant speed and direct injection diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW is used for exploratory analysis at different load conditions. Ten parameterssuch as maximization of brake thermal efficiency, rate of pressure rise and minimization of NOxCO2, CO, HC, smoke, exhaust gas temperature, ignition delay and combustion delay are considered. From the experimental data, multi input multi output (MIMO) fuzzy models are developed using triangular membership functionto predict the engine parameters. The developed model has good correlation with the observed data with noticeably low errors. Then, for each parameter, optimum blend has to be identified for all the loads using genetic algorithm which is a multi-objective optimization process. The engine performance is accurately predicted for the identified best load and blend from the developed fuzzy model. Hence in the proposed model, fuzzy logic is integrated with GAto find the best blend. Finally, from the best blend of each parameter, the exact biodiesel proportion of about 17% for no load, 17% for 25% load, 18% for 50% load, 17% for 75% load and 20% for 100% load are found out usingTOPSIS which will best suit the engine performance and reduction of emissions. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Prediction OF CI engine performance, emission and combustion parameters using fish oil as a biodiesel by fuzzy-GA

The thirst for fuel is steadily increasing as technology continues to open new areas of exploration. At the same time, the indiscriminate extraction of fossil fuels also may result in extinction of petroleum deposits in foreseeable future. Along with this, pollutant emission from diesel engines causes major impacts on ecological systems. In order to overcome the above problems associated with the use of petroleum derived fuels, a suitable source of biodiesel should be used to replace conventional diesel fuel. Hence, in this work, feasibility of using biodiesel prepared from fish oil was investigated. Various properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point and cetane value of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends of different proportions were investigated. Later, experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine using biodiesel-diesel blends, under variable load conditions. It was found that there was a reduction in NOx, HC and CO emission along with a marginal increase of CO 2 and smoke emissions with the increase in biodiesel proportion in the fuel. The brake thermal efficiency was found to be higher compared to diesel for the entire load. An analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as peak pressure, rate of pressure rise, combustion duration and ignition delay was carried out. The ignition delay, maximum heat release rate and combustion duration were lower for biodiesel-diesel blends compared to diesel. Ultimately, fish oil can indeed become the appropriate source for biodiesel, with environmental benefits. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fuel

Comparative analysis of performance, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends

ECS Transactions

Application of Biofuels to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel engine with Diesel–Ethanol – Cotton seed oil Methyl ester blends and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as fuel

Journal	Data powered by TypesetEnergy
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier BV
ISSN	0360-5442
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