An autonomous robot completely rely on the sensor system for interacting environment, it is critical task to navigate the robot. The limitations of the sensors are due to anatomy of the robot and errors in the measurement of the sensor system. These two makes the navigation more challenging. Kalman filter can be effectively use to eliminate errors and noises in the measurement system which make the navigation more accurate. The article provide the information on kalman filter and its application in odometer based navigation and vehicle positioning. © Research India Publications.