Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Integrative Biology

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

VIT Unitversity

Materials Research Express

Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles via a green route using Lagenaria siceraria: assessment of their innate antidandruff, insecticidal and degradation activities

The advance of reliable and eco-friendly strategies for the development of nanoparticles is a fundamental key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been continuously evaluated and have been used in many industrial applications for a decade. In particular, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has received a great interest because of various properties such as UV filter properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. Because of the high rate of poisonous chemicals and the extreme surroundings used within the chemical and physical methods, the green techniques have been adopted using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, this paper considers various green synthesis methods to provide the evidence of ZnO NP role to several applications, and in addition, biomedical applications and toxic effect were reviewed. Therefore, the paper used various secondary sources to collect the relevant review articles. From the findings, the green route of synthesis is rather safe and eco-friendly when compared to physical and chemical means of synthesis. On the other hand, its biomedical applications in this sector are increased day by day in various processes including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. With respect to its toxicity properties, ZnO NPs can act as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as a talented substitute for antibiotics.

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

Fulltext

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

A Review on Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies of ZnO NPs

The main goal of undertaking the current investigation was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of ZnO NPs using culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger. The obtained UV–Visible spectrum of the culture filtrate showed an absorption peak at 320 nm. The FTIR band showed the appearance of carboxylic acid and strong aromatic ring that could be responsible for the synthesis of ZnO NPs. Studies of the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs coated fabric showed a reduction of viable E. coli and S. aureus. 90% of decolorization of Bismarck brown dye was obtained by treating it with 100 µl ZnO NPs. The Germination (%) of the seeds of plants was lower with the raw dye when compared to the dye treated with ZnO NPs. The present study concludes that the A. niger mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs proved well in degrading dye and can be incorporated onto cotton fabrics since it reveals antibacterial activity. © 2018 The Authors

OpenNano

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger: Antimicrobial textiles and dye degradation studies

The main objective of this research is to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Sesbania grandiflora (S. grandiflora) against Staphylococcus aureus. S. grandiflora extract were prepared and analyzed with UV –Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering. Biofilm forming pathogens were identified by congo-red assay. Quantification of Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) particularly protein and carbohydrate were calculated. The efficacy of the herbal extract S. grandiflora and its inhibition against the pathogenic strain of S. aureus was also evaluated. The gradual decrease or disappearance of peaks reveals the reduction of protein and carbohydrate content in the EPS of S. aureus when treated with S. grandiflora. The antibacterial activity of S. grandiflora extract against the bacterial strain S. aureus showed that the extract were more active against the strain. To conclude, anti-biofilm and antibacterial efficacy of S. grandiflora plays a vital role over biofilm producing pathogens and act as a good source for controlling the microbial population. © 2017

World University root node

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

In vitro anti- biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Sesbania grandiflora extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Asian Journal of Chemistry

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Fresh Stem of Cissus quadrangularis Extract and its Various in vitro Studies

The aim of this study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Ag-NPs using extracts from the medicinal plant, Millettia pinnata flower extract and investigate the effects of Ag-NPs on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity. UV–Vis peak at 438 nm confirmed the Ag-NPs absorbance. The SEM analysis results confirmed the presence of spherical shaped Ag-NPs by a huge disparity in the particle size distribution with an average size of 49 ± 0.9 nm. TEM images revealed the formation of Ag-NPs with spherical shape and sizes in the range between 16 and 38 nm. The Ag-NPs showed an excellent inhibitory efficacy against AChE and BChE. The highest antibacterial activity was found against Escherichia coli (20.25 ± 0.91 mm). These nanoparticles showed the cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp (artemia saliana) nauplii with a LD50 value of 33.92. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Department of General Management

VIT Business School

Microbial Pathogenesis

Evaluation of anti-cholinesterase, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using from Millettia pinnata flower extract

Food Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Food Packaging and Preservation: A Green Expertise

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, which comprises about 118 genera and 825 species. It is an important vegetable crop of India, and its production is influenced by a number of factors viz., environmental, nutritional, cultural operation and use of plant growth regulators. Since, bottle gourd belongs to a medicinal family, it plays a major role in the treatment of several diseases related to the skin and heart. There are several organic chemical compounds including vitamin B complex, pectin, dietary soluble fibres, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, amino acids and minerals which have been isolated from this species. Therefore, the bottle gourd is considered to have a great impact on therapeutic health benefits. Due to drastic industrialization and urbanization, most of the human beings are facing several ill effects which may lead to death at extreme cases. Hence, the major research area was said to be nanotechnology. Taking into consideration, we have combined nanotechnology field with waste source in the name of green synthesis and planned to cure several diseases, as most of the researchers focused their work on this and succeeded too. The present study is a complete review of L. siceraria that covers the ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile. This study is mainly focused on the antibacterial, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anthelminthic activities. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Department of Chemistry

School of Advanced Sciences

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Biotechnology and pharmacological evaluation of Indian vegetable crop Lagenaria siceraria: an overview

In this study, the agricultural waste was used to screen for an organism that is capable of producing enzymes for degrading xylan. Streptomyces sp. are the important source of enzyme involved in lignocellulosic degradation. Streptomyces sp. was isolated from different soil samples. Out of 10 different soil samples, 6 samples gave the best result in starch casein agar plates. Screening was mainly carried out to detect the enzyme and a clear zone surrounding the growth was seen if enzyme xylanase was present. Substrates being cheap and readily available, have recently gained considerable interest because of their possible use in fermentation process. Streptomyces sp., produces xylanase on various feed stuffs like sugarcane molasses, oat spelt xylan, Tomato pomace, Rice bran, wheat bran and saw dust under submerged fermentation condition. The attempts have been made to replace a xylan, costly substrate for xylanase to make xylanase production cost effective. The xylanase activity in each production medium was confirmed by measuring the amount of reducing sugars liberated from the medium by the DNS method using crude extract. The application of the crude enzyme in deinking of newsprint was also studied. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.

Asian Journal of Biochemistry

Production of Xylanase from Various Lignocellulosic Waste Materials by Streptomyces sp. and its Potential Role in Deinking of Newsprint