Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Elevated temperature studies on concrete have gained importance since the exposure of concrete members to higher temperatures affects the overall structural stability. This paper explains the behaviour and performance of concrete containing a supplementary cementitious material derived from coir industry, Coir Pith Ash (CPA), when subjected to elevated temperature environments. Concrete specimens with CPA content varying from 0% to 20% were taken into consideration and the specimens were exposed to elevated temperature levels. The heating of specimens was conducted in an electric furnace. The parameters considered for the study includeresidual compressive strength, visual observation, and ultrasonic pulse velocity.Effect of air-cooling and water-cooling regimes were also studied.The test results proved the superior performance of CPA concrete over normal control mix concrete. Among the cooling regimes, the air-cooling method was found to be better than water cooling method. © 2020, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering. All rights reserved.

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Department of Structural and Geotechical Engineering

School of Civil Engineering

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International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research

Effect of elevated temperature on performance of concrete containing supplementary cementitious material derived from coir industry

Many researchers have proposed different schemes of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping to strengthen the Reinforced Concrete (RC) slab. However, the ideal system for FRP laminations is not readily available. A modular approach for strengthening of RC slabs (especially two-way slab) needs to be developed with respect to orientations and coverage area of FRP sheets in order to figure out the effective strengthening system. This paper describes the experimental study carried out to explore the effects of fiber reinforced polymers in different orientation and coverage areas to strengthen the structural members. Three systems of laminates have been used to strengthen the RC slabs using two types of fibers, namely carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite. The systems are classified with respect to the orientation of FRP sheets such as edge, corner and center wrapping. Each system has three proportions of FRP coverage area in the order of 25%, 35%, and 45%. A set of fifty-four slabs were fabricated and tested at the rate of three specimens for each variant. The performance of the flexural strength of two-way RC slabs with different strengthening systems has been evaluated and compared. It shows that all the systems of strengthening are effectively enhancing the flexural strength of two-way RC slabs. The extent depends on the system orientation and coverage area of the FRP sheet. The higher-order performance is noticed when the FRP lamination has higher contact with the slab area and with closer proximity to the loaded area. © 2020 by authors, all rights reserved.

Fulltext

Civil Engineering and Architecture

Evaluation of the effects of orientation and coverage areas of FRP lamination bonded with two-way RC slabs – a modular approach

India is one of the prominent producers of coconuts in the world. Along with the desired products, many undesirable by-products are also generated from the coconut and coir industry. Among the various by-products, coir pith and short coir fibres are the major ones and are obtained during the extraction of long coconut fibres. Raw coir pith was heated in a metallic vessel at 450oC to obtain coir pith ash. In this study, the impact of the presence of CPA as a supplementary cementitious material, on the various mechanical and durability parameters are taken into consideration. The various parameters considered for assessing the mechanical performance include compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and Ultrasonic pulse velocity. Water absorption and resistance to sulphuric acid environments were considered to evaluate the durability of CPA blended concrete. The resistance of CPA blended concrete against sulphuric acid environment was evaluated by considering the variation in weight, water absorption and percentage loss in compressive strength. Five concrete mixes were used for the study with CPA content ranging from 0% to 20%. Indian standard method of concrete mix design with water-cement ratio 0.45 was adopted. To understand the effect of change in water-cement ratio on the durability parameters of concrete, the study also considered other water-cement ratios like 0.40 and 0.50. Results indicated that the mechanical and durability performance improves when CPA is used as supplementary cementitious material. Also, the specimens with water-cement ratio 0.40 performed better than other ratios. © 2020 by authors, all rights reserved.

Evaluation of mechanical and durability performance of coir pith ash blended cement concrete

In order to strengthen the concrete structures, the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites has increased recently. Rather, numerous factors inducing the strength of the FRPs composites are unknown. The experimental investigation carried out to study the effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites by different orientation and coverage area on flexural strength and crack propagation of the Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs. Five different patterns followed to access the effective orientation and coverage area of the CFRP and GFRP composites. The comparison of the results shows that in the strengthening of the slab, GFRP is more effective. In all the patterns, CFRP/GFRP sheets effectively minimize the crack width.. © 2020, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering. All rights reserved.

Comparative study on CFRP and GFRP composite in strengthening of RC slab

Construction sector is a fast growing industry and concrete is a prominent construction material in the present scenario .The rapid development of urban infrastructures requires huge quantity of raw materials needed for the concrete manufacturing. The cement manufacturing industry is a major contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2) that results in 5% of global man-made emissions, out of which 50% comes from the chemical process and 40% from fuel combustion. [1] The primary sector of the economy means the sector which makes direct use of natural resources. In most of the developing and under developed countries, primary sector is the biggest part of the economy. Dependence on this sector has also resulted in the production of substantial quantities of waste materials. These wastes are normally dumped into landfill thereby causing environmental issues. Under these circumstances it is of prime most importance to derive supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) from agricultural wastes that can be used as a cement replacing material. The foremost aim of this paper is to review the possible use of different agricultural wastes as SCMs that can reduce use of cement usage, and their engineering impacts on the different properties of concrete. © IAEME Publication.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

Sustainable supplementary cementitious materials derived from agro-wastes - A review

The major concern in flat slabs is the concentration of high stresses in the slab column connection resulting in punching shear failure of the entire slab system. Hence in the present study an attempt has been made to study and analyze the effect of edge column in a flat slab. A numerical investigation was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS to evaluate their ability to resist punching shear in a flat slab. The nonlinear characteristics of concrete were achieved by employing the concrete damaged plasticity model in the finite element program. Linear and nonlinear analysis of edge slab-column connection was carried out for slab of depth 150mm and 200 mm. Remarkable reductions in deflection is observed when the depth of slab is increased. © IAEME Publication.

Study on edge slab-column connection in flat slab

The objective of this paper is to study the seismic behavior of different types of slab systems in various seismic zones, considering the varying number of stories. The paper deals with the four types of slab system i.e. Conventional beam slab system, Flat plate system, Flat slab with drop system, and Ribbed slab system. The seismic behavior of these slab systems is studied by modelling G+6, G+9 & G+12 multi-story structure in ETABS software package. The study comprises of comparison of story displacement and story shear. © IAEME Publication.

Seismic behavior of multi-story structure with different types of slabs

Prosopis Juliflora plays a leading role in preventing erosion caused, mainly due to sea water in coastal areas and afforestation, in arid and semi-arid lands. Its capability of growing on saline areas and in arid and semi-arid conditions qualifies them suitable for this purpose. This species fits well into the agroforestry system for controlling desertification, soil erosion, sand dunes, improve fertiliser status, provide fuel energy sources, used in construction timber and furniture wood. It also provide nutritional supplement to humans and promote honey production. This plant can withstand high temperature, less water and high saline land. In India, Prosopis Juliflora is widely seen across in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Tamilnadu. Recently in Tamilnadu, there were lot of public protestation due to which the recent court orders issued a complete eradication of these species. This has now become a growing concern on this tree, which has invaded and become an obnoxious weed as this species had earlier proved a blessing for the dwellers of degraded wasteland and barren coastal areas which was prone for desertification, sand erosion and tsunami threat. The speciality of these species roots can go nearly up to 175 ft(53.5 mts) and access to water ways and deplete the ground water level. Hence, there is a need for a holistic study, to carry out with the help of spatial management system software such as Geographic Information System(GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques for studying the cause of ground water depletion in arid and semi-arid regions of Tamilnadu and sea water intrusion in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. Based on this, a methodology is formulated to identify the species even in more detailed way, to study the cause of sea water intrusion especially in these areas, due to these species. © 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

Invasion of Prosopis Juliflora: Still a valuable species in arid and coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India

Three types of shear stud arrangement, respectively featuring an orthogonal, a radial and a critical perimeter pattern, were evaluated numerically. A numerical investigation was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS to evaluate their ability to resist punching shear in a flat plate. The finite element analysis here is an application of the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures using three-dimensional solid finite elements. The nonlinear characteristics of concrete were achieved by employing the concrete damaged plasticity model in the finite element program. Transverse shear stress was evaluated using finite element analysis in terms of shear stress distribution for flat plate with and without shear stud reinforcement. The model predicted that shear studs placed along the critical perimeter are more effective compared to orthogonal and radial patterns. © 2014 Published by ITB Journal Publisher.

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

Investigation of Shear Stud Performance in Flat Plate Using Finite Element Analysis

Three types of shear reinforcement, namely shear stud, inclined stirrups and four legged stirrups are evaluated numerically. Their contribution to shear enhancement on the flat- plate are evaluated. The numerical investigation was conducted by using finite element software ABAQUS. The finite element analysis reported herein is an application of the non linear analysis of reinforced concrete structures using three dimensional solid finite elements. Non linear characteristics of concrete are achieved by employing concrete damaged plasticity model in the finite element program. Transverse shear stress was evaluated using finite element analysis in terms of shear stress distribution for the flat- plate with and without shear reinforcement. This model predicts that shear stud and four legged stirrups are most effective shear reinforcement compared to inclined stirrups. ©2013 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.