Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Mechanical

Fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) has extensive application properties due to their high corrosion resistant and compatibility with biomedical applications, the synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes over titanium has drawn interest in various fields. The synthesis of TiO2 NTs using novel in-situ step-up voltage conditions in the electrochemical anodization process is recorded in this work. For manufacturing the NTs at 1 hour of anodization, the input potential of 30, 40 and 50 V was selected. With increasing step-up voltage during the anodization process, an improvement in the NTs was observed, favoring corrosion resistance properties. The surface of NTs enhances the structure of the ribs, raising the potential for feedback over time. XRD was used to analyze phase changes, and HR-SEM analyzed surface topography. Impedance tests found that longer NTs improved the corrosion resistance. © The Author(s) 2021.

World University root node

School of Mechanical Engineering

Chennai Campus

Journal of Composite Materials

Anodic synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes by step-up voltages

Achieving outstanding quality with minimum wastage has been an ever-standing thumb rule in manufacturing industry, for which many statistical approaches are continuously examined. This work intends to study the influence of input variables over the output parameters such as surface roughness, cutting force, and temperature on turned sample of aluminum. Four different values for each input variables such as 510–900 rpm (Spindle speed), 0.135–0.28 mm/rev (Feed rate), 0.2–1.7 mm (Depth of cut) are chosen for the present experimental investigation. Artificial intelligence is implemented in the present work and a predictive neural network model is developed using the experimental results obtained from the full factorial study. A model of 3-5-3-1 configuration is created and trained with the experimental data, which is found to have a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.24% and mean squared error (MSE) as 0.035, for the test data. Also, the developed model is compared to a multiple regression model and found to be more accurate in predicting the surface roughness of the turned sample. Moreover, the surface roughness is found to be predominantly influenced by feed rate followed by depth of cut and cutting speed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Predictive Modeling of Surface Roughness for Turning of Al-6061 Using Artificial Neural Network Model

Biogas has been a promising alternative fuel for IC engines. However, its CO2 content reduces calorific value and ignitability. The CO2 fraction of raw biogas can be separated out by various techniques, which are collectively called methane enrichment. The present study explores the effect of methane enrichment on the output parameters of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. A single cylinder CI engine is altered for this purpose. Biogas (CH4 + CO2) is supplied along with air. Diethyl Ether (DEE) is used as the secondary fuel to initiate auto-ignition. The effects of injecting DEE at the inlet port and upstream in the intake manifold are also compared. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, equivalence ratio, HC, CO, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions, start and duration of combustion, in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate are compared for operation with raw biogas (50% methane) and methane enriched biogas (100% methane) for various biogas flow rates and engine torques. Results show that methane enrichment enhances brake thermal efficiency by up to 2% compared to raw biogas. Methane enrichment advances and speeds up combustion. HC, CO and CO2 emissions, maximum cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate are also improved with methane enrichment. Ultra-low NOx and smoke emissions can be obtained using raw biogas as well as methane enriched biogas. Low biogas flow rates provide better brake thermal efficiency and HC emissions. Manifold injection of DEE enhances brake thermal efficiency by up to 2% compared to port injection by virtue of greater mixture homogeneity. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Study of methane enrichment in a biogas fuelled HCCI engine

High toughness, impact damage resistance biocompatible glass-epoxy composites were prepared using 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) treated cellulose and biosilica nanoparticle and evaluated for their tensile, flexural, impact, wear and water absorption behavior. The main aim of this present investigation was to improve the strength characteristics and load-bearing effect of glass-epoxy composite using biocompatible fillers and how the surface modification process helps in the improvement of the properties. The cellulose and biosilica particle was surface-treated using (APTMS) via wet solution method. Similarly, the glass-epoxy composites were prepared via the hand layup method followed by room temperature curing. The results revealed that the addition of cellulose particle into the glass-epoxy composite improved the toughness and energy absorption. However, the subsequent addition of biosilica particle improved the mechanical, wear and drop load impact toughness by about 200–300%. It is noted that in all composites the silane treated reinforcements gives improved results of a minimum of 20–50%. The hydrophobicity of composites retained with higher contact angle for silane treated reinforcements in epoxy resin composite. The scanning electron microscopic images revealed uniform dispersion and improved adhesion with matrix for silane treated reinforcements. © 2021, Springer Nature B.V.

Silicon

Silane Grafted Cellulose and Biosilica Toughened Glass-Epoxy Composite: Mechanical, Hydrophobicity and Low Velocity Impact Behavior

In medicine, a nebuliser is an equipment used to achieve medication in the form of spray breathe into lungs. The general methodological principle of nebulisers is to use oxygen or compressed air or ultrasonic powder, as means to breakup medicinal solutions into smaller mister dews, for direct breath from the mouthpiece of the equipment. The utmost normally used nebulisers are jet nebulisers, which is also known as atomisers . Jet nebulisers are associated with compressors that support compressed air to flow at maximum velocity over a liquefied medication to turn into a mister, which is then breathed in by the patient. The objective of this study is to optimise the jet nebuliser in order to deliver medicine in minor sufficient dews to attain a satisfactory effectiveness of medicated aerosol to reach the lungs. This study concentrates on design optimisation of the nozzle by analysis of flow parameters, evaluation of the path of the fluid flow and determination of the nozzle diameter and flow pressure. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology

Optimisation of the nozzle diameter of a nebuliser for salbutamol

Aluminium alloys have become major replacements of steel alloys for many applications due to its high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosion. Steering mechanism is one of the most important subsystems in an automobile that helps to control its direction of movement. In a Standard OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) Rack and Pinion system, generally steel alloys such as AISI 4340 and grey cast iron are used, due to higher dynamic loads and higher value of basic stress. For an efficient steering system, it is very important to take materials and properties of the gear system into consideration. This paper focuses on efficiently designing a lightweight rack and pinion steering system for an FSAE car by replacing conventional materials using aluminium 6061-T6 alloy due to its low cost and weight, taking contact stresses and bending stresses into consideration followed by verification with FEA (Finite Element Analysis) in ANSYS. In conclusion, the use of aluminium alloys in the steering system of FSAE vehicle will make it lighter and more efficient compared with standard OEM materials. The outcome of this research was use of aluminium alloys instead of conventional materials in gears based on their application. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Design of Gears Using Aluminium 6061-T6 Alloy for Formula SAE Steering System

O-rings are among the seals most often used in the industry. O-rings accuracy measurement and inspection play a significant role in seal quality control. Human tests can be unpredictable and can take time. The goal of this paper is to use detection algorithms based on machine vision technology to monitor the O-rings norm, which also has the correct measurement rule and the classification rule. During this, we find an entirely different variety of good defects, Material shortage, Bounce, Spiral, and Breakage. Extract values for the elements by using MATLAB. Feature selection optimization attribute choice with MATLAB and classification exploitation of KNN, SVM, call Trees and alternative classifier variety with MATLAB is performed to check for the utmost prediction precision. To evaluate the recorded images of O-rings and conduct the measurement and inspection processes a computer vision program is applied. Then the GUI system is built to interface the user with the credibility of accessing the trained model. The proposed GUI is tested via a sequence of O-rings being checked. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

Fulltext

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Product defect categorization using machine vision through machine learning

There are two types of EV (electric vehicle) currently in use, namely modified EV and dedicated EV. Generally, we use a modified EV in cost-sensitive markets where we can commonize platform between internal combustion engine (ICE) and EV vehicles. For modified EV, we use the cradle to support the powertrain components, which connects to the engine mount, which in turn attaches to extended members and subframe. The fabricated cradle has many welding components that cause dimensional variation at the rear-mount attachment point on gearbox, which creates a reduction in the dynamic envelops significantly. The decrease in clearance often results in BSR noise, which we have simulated in the rig as well as on rope track. On a rough road, this noise is predominant. This buzz, squeak and rattle (BSR) noise also results in Tip in/Tip out noise, which is quite uncomfortable for the customer during sudden acceleration and deceleration. This paper explains in detail about the contribution of dimensional variation of the cradle and various powertrain components on the rear mount attachment point and the way to mitigate the issue. Finally, it shows that an optimized mounting system, the dimensional variation of the cradle in modified EV can result in various noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) issues if not duly addressed during packaging and dynamic envelope study. © 2021 SAE International. All Rights Reserved.

SAE Technical Papers

Impact of Powertrain Dimensional Variation on Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Noise for Cradle Type Electric Vehicle

This work is focused on the development of effective Product Assembly Instructional Videos. Product assembly instructional video is an important element for training, and boost the skills of employees by laying virtual information of any complex assembly. The instructional video is aimed to train employees on “How the product is assembled” with detailed steps to be followed during assembly and with instructional voice-over n a rendered video. It is found from the literature that traditional training often consumes more time and resource for any organization and frequent changes in manpower makes it more difficult for them to spend adequate time to train. So, the instructional videos are helpful to overcome such problems. The method used in this research paper is to develop a framework for product assembly instructional videos. The research s extended via a case study where n these videos are used for training and discuss with the practitioners regarding how they review this model. This paper concludes with a framework for product assembly instructional videos and describing various factors to consider in the creation of industrial training videos. The work also used various software which includes CAD tools, voice recording, impending, and video editing tools to create a training video manual. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

Development of product assembly instructional video for training purpose

In recent years, detecting the position of the vehicle is an important task. The goal of detecting the position of the vehicle can be achieved using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology by getting approximate position data of the ego-vehicle. For better and accurate positioning, automotive dead-reckoning can be used. Automotive dead-reckoning (ADR) technology is a high-end navigation system. In this paper, an ADR is used to calculate the position based on the distance and direction of the vehicle traveled from the last known location. This gives an accurate estimation of the 3-axis position and velocity components based on vehicle data retrieved from GPS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor. ADR not only allows full coverage in indoor car parking, tunnels, and underpasses but also effectively eliminates the impact of multipath effects in urban canyons. The vehicle is incorporated with sensors that record wheel rotation along with the steering direction and the sensors are allowed to take continuous measurements with the help of the last known location. The position and velocity shall be corrected even if quality GPS data is available. In case of partial GPS blockage, the estimation shall be done with different strategy/weightage factors. In case of complete GPS blockage, the prediction shall continue for some approximation time, with the help of vehicle and IMU sensor data. Finally, various experiments are conducted using Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter, and the prediction results are found to be satisfactory. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.