Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Information Security

Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology that enables the information to be shared among peers in a network but prevents it from being tampered. Ever since it came into limelight after the advent of Bitcoin in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto – all the businesses around the world are trying to find ways as to how this technology can be put into their work. One of the key applications of blockchain technology is for supply chain management. From the food that is consumed daily to the clothes worn – all the products reach to the consumer from the manufacturer through the supply chain consisting of several other intermediate entities. Thereby, the details of the products on the chain must be prevented from being tampered and at the same time must be available to provide traceability. This chapter explains the blockchain in supply chain management across several domains.

School of Computer Science and Engineering

Vellore Campus

Essential Enterprise Blockchain Concepts and Applications

Blockchain in Supply Chain Management

Each plant has distinct behaviour, features, and infections known as pathogens. Plant growth and its life have to be estimated to prevent economic loss in agriculture. Many techniques such as optical techniques, knowledge graph, image processing techniques, remote sensing techniques, DNA based, and serological methods are used to detect the plant diseases from the captured input in the form of images, video frames, and set of characteristics features. Health conditions of a plant are to be recognized accurately in time to avoid disease spread severity. Remote sensing techniques with different types of sensors exemplify extraordinary means which are most helpful to monitor and identify the plant diseases, preventing expensive use of pesticides. Disease forecasting aims to organize control measures before the substance of a plant is likely to infect the crop. A survey on plant disease detection and the applications of remote sensing technology in forecasting the pathogens is presented in this article. Thus it is very significant to predict the diseases by an effective disease warning system that should be reliable to the crop cultivators.

World University root node

Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology

Application of Hyperspectral remote sensing technology for plant disease forecasting: An Applied Review

In this present investigation, soil nutrient status and the rhizobiome bacterial population of myco-habituated natural soils was analysed. The results were compared with the steamed casing soil used regularly by the growers. The Calocybe indica myco-habituated Cocos nucifera root zone contained slightly higher level of nitrogen (0.41 g. g-1) and potassium (0.51g. 5g-1) as compared to the rhizosphere soil of Delonix regia (0.46 g. 5g-1) and regular casing soil (0.41 g. 5g -1). The amount of phosphorous was slightly higher in D. regia rhizosphere soil sample (0.024g. 2.5 g-1) followed by C. nucifera (0.021g. 2.5 g-1) as compared to the regular casing soil, which contained 0.018 g. 2.5g -1 of soil. In case of bacterial population, ten different bacterial strains have been identified to be present in association with the myco-habitation of C. indica strains. The amplified DNA products of 700-800bp were eluted and sequenced. The sequenced nucleotides were blasted with NCBI database. Bacterial species viz., Bacillus megaterium, Rhizobium pusense, Enterobacter cloacae, Sphingobacterium sp, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas hibiscicola, Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus sp, Rhizobium sp, and Pseudomonas sp were found to be frequently associated with the mycohabitation of C.indica. The results revealed that, the total bacterial population or specific group of bacteria were always higher in the myco-habituated rhizosphere soils of the host trees as compared to the regularly used steamed casing soil.

Influence of Soil Nutrition and Rhizobiome Bacteria on the Growth of Calocybe Indica (P&amp;C)

Agriculture is an important source of our income in all the places. The main problems in now a day’s agriculture are water and high worker costs. These problems can be resolved by making agriculture works using some automation machines, so now our project idea is to develop an automatic working robot for farmers by using all the natural resources available at free of cost the free and open resources available for a farmer at filed is the sun so by using that sunlight &amp; energy we can make a robot that will run automatically using the solar energy. At the same one more issues our farmers facing when doing the farming know the water leave of this farming field for that we are providing a solution to our annadatas a good solution by using embedded sensors like soil moisture we can know the water leave of the field based on that we can give automatic water solution by using water pump concept based on water leave in the files , the one more problem of farmers is knowing the tempter and humid of the farming land when doing the cultivation so the solution given in our project is by using a sensor called DTH 11. As we are making an automatic robot all values that come from different sensors will post the values to the cloud server using IoT modules placed on the robot and keep live update to the farmer about the farming land status, to post the values to the farmer we are using an IoT open sources server called thing speak by using this farmer can know the status of the farming lad from anywhere any time any location based on this he can know the statistics of the application. &nbsp;

TEST Engineering and Management

<a href="https://testmagzine.biz/index.php/testmagzine/article/view/11963">IoT based Farming Robot for Irrigation and Monitoring using Solar Energy</a>

Influence maximization, a classic optimization problem in social networks, targets to find a set of influential users capable of producing maximum influence spread under a particular diffusion model. Community structure, an important topological property of social networks, also plays a significant role in various dynamical processes, including the spreading of information in networks. Realizing the impact of community structure in information spreading, some community-based influence maximization methods have been proposed recently, and these studies show that community-based influence maximization methods perform better than the traditional influence maximization. However, the impact of the method used to detect communities on influence spread in the influence maximization problem is unknown, the need to verify and find the most effective community detection method suitable for influence maximization is essential. This paper addresses this problem by computing the influence spread of k influential nodes selected by an influential node selection method from the k largest communities extracted by the various community detection algorithms on a network. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of community detection algorithms and their impact on influence maximization on both artificial and real-world networks by employing four heuristic influence maximization methods under IC diffusion model.

2021 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT)

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Community Detection Algorithms for Influence Maximization in Social Networks

Workforce monitoring is a vital activity in large factories in order to oversee the worker's concentration on their duty and increase productivity. Workforces are kind of moving targets which can be monitored via wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As sensor nodes have a limited source of energy, optimal energy consumption is of crucial importance in these networks. Several protocols for routing are designed in order to consider efficient energy consumption in conjunction with target tracking and coverage. In this article, a new energy-efficient routing algorithm geographic routing time transfer (GRTT) is proposed to use topological information of sensor nodes for target tracking and coverage applications. In this article, a weight called relay ability is defined for each node according to the sensor network topology. These weights are calculated and announced to sensor nodes by cluster heads (CHs). Once a target enters the area covered by sensor nodes, a signal is sent to the CH through the route having maximum predefined weights in the network. Simulations show better results than other tracking routing methods based on the metrics of energy consumption of the network, power consumption, and throughput for GRTT (proposed method), dynamic energy-efficient routing protocol (DEER), virtual force-based energy-hole mitigation (VFEM), nonequal-probability multicast routing protocol (MRP-NEP), and trace-announcing routing scheme (TARS) methods. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Energy-Aware Geographic Routing for Real-Time Workforce Monitoring in Industrial Informatics

Modern information technology has been utilized progressively to store and distribute a large amount of healthcare data to reduce costs and improve medical facilities. In this context, the emergence of e-Health clouds offers novel opportunities, like easy and remote accessibility of medical data. However, this achievement produces plenty of new risks and challenges like how to provide integrity, security, and confidentiality to the highly susceptible e-Health data. Among these challenges, authentication is a major issue that ensures that the susceptible medical data in clouds is not available to illegal participants. The smart card, password and biometrics are three factors of authentication which fulfill the requirement of giving high security. Numerous three-factor ECC-based authentication protocols on e-Health clouds have been presented so far. However, most of the protocols have serious security flaws and produce high computation and communication overheads. Therefore, we introduce a novel protocol for the e-Health cloud, which thwarts some major attacks, such as user anonymity, offline password guessing, impersonation, and stolen smart card attacks. Moreover, we evaluate our protocol through formal security analysis using the Random Oracle Model (ROM). The analysis shows that our proposed protocol is more efficient than many existing protocols in terms of computation and communication costs. Thus, our proposed protocol is proved to be more efficient, robust and secure. © 2020 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications