Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

(Please read carefully abstract of the template). Giving anesthesia in operating rooms is generally a practice of making patients unconsciousness and ensuring safe surgery to the patients. Some of the procedures are fixed, few are predefined and some need patient response to alter the anesthetic drugs infusions to reach the required hemodynamic values. The automation in drug delivery will minimize the distractions of anesthetist and he can spend more time for direct care of patient. In the view of automatic drug delivery system, developing the relationship between depth of anesthesia and the delivery of intravenous anesthetic drugs is important. This article discuss about these relationship and defined Simulink model for the same. The results are taken based on the BIS score. This score is compared with target value, the tolerance percentage levels of reaching the target value is discussed for both male and female patients. ©BEIESP.

Computer Science

School of Computer Science and Engineering

Chennai Campus

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

BIS performance for CLAD PK-PD model

Management of anesthesia is significant for both surgery and intensive care. The intravenous anesthetics are widely used to provide steady maintenance and speed recovery compared with inhaled anesthetics. The current work analyses the technique to describe the effects of anesthetic drug Propofol in the introduction of hypnosis on a patient during surgery procedure. The model is developed by considering the regular three-compartmental pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics Wiener model and conventional controller for adjustment of Depth of hypnosis through Bispectral Index scale (BIS) value. It provides a reliable and safe methodology for infusing anesthesia using closed loop control technology and analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure the depth of anesthesia in patients. Two patient sets of datasets are considered during this procedure. The outcomes obtained for different patients show that the standard model fits the data with the developed Simulink based model. The paper designs the plasma concentration 3-compartmental model using PID controller to control the depth of hypnosis and infusion rate during surgery through the reference value BIS of patient. Because of simplicity and robustness of PID controller, it is widely used for industrial plants. The developed model is compared with sliding mode controller. The results shows the transient control system characteristics of delay time, rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and settling time. © BEIESP.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Control of anesthesia concentration using PID controller

Target-controlled infusion pumps are for patients to control pain or to infuse sedations and anesthesia, typically those who underwent surgery. The pump has a programmable syringe device used to control the injection level of drugs. These pumps are even used in the ICU or operating theaters to manage patient's pain after surgery or sedation. PK-PD Models are used to obtain the drug concentrations levels of the patient. The model depends on the drug flow rates in different parts of the body. There are many parameter sets available to measure the amount of drugs in the patients. This article presents a three compartmental patient model through Simulink to obtain concentrations levels from different parts of the body. The model is checked for a seven parameter set and suggests the set with the best results.

International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare

Comparative Study of 4-Compartmental PK-PD Model with Effective Site Compartment for Different Parameter Set

PCA is a patient-controlled analgesia infusion pump, which is used to infuse the medicine into the patients after surgery. It contains a syringe with pain medicine to infuse that is prescribed by the physician. The drugs used for pain control are high-alert medicines, since overmedication may cause death to the patients. These types of unbearable events may happen due to medical errors, prescription errors, adverse events (AEs), etc. Hence, it requires a precautionary attention or continuous monitoring for PCA pump infusion patients. However, always physicians or nurses may not monitor a patient continuously. To provide safety to the patient, the PCA pump needs a smart care process to alert the physician. This study represents the survey on PCA pump errors, AEs, and solutions for it to avoid them. The solution will automatically alert the infusion-related situation of the patients, those are taking the intravenous drug infusion at different procedure rooms in the hospitals. Moreover, it increases the safety to infusion pump with advances of decision-making in health, patient monitoring, alert notification to nursing, and productivity. This quality care can be achieved by integrating the PCA pump with other intelligent systems.