Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Additive manufacturing (AM) process builds the parts, layer by layer precisely from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models, whereas traditional subtractive manufacturing process removes layers from materials to attain the desired shape. Of late Rapid prototyped (RP) parts are used for the direct production of components for manufacturing and testing in the industries. Understanding material, machine used along with the process variables that affect the strength of the final part gains importance as the parts can be printed directly from CAD data and effectively integrated into structures. The main aim of this investigation is to present the mechanical characterization and free vibration analysis of various 3D printed Engineering Plastic Materials. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC), and Polycarbonate-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC-ABS) materials are used in this study. Spools are prepared from plastic pellets using wire extruder. Tensile tests have been performed on dog bone specimens to evaluate strength, fractured specimen's surfaces which are further evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to explore fracture of the raster and bonding between layers. From the experimental results it's noticed that the PC-ABS material exhibits improved elastic limit and load-carrying capacity compared with ABS and PC. Three types of beams are fabricated using different materials and modal analysis has been conducted to predict the stiffness of beams in terms of natural frequencies under clamped free (CF) and clamped clamped (CC) end conditions. Higher natural frequencies observed with PC-ABS is compared with the rest of the materials. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Department of Design and Automation

School of Mechanical Engineering

Vellore Campus

Fulltext

Materials Research Express

Mechanical characterization and experimental modal analysis of 3D Printed ABS, PC and PC-ABS materials

In this study, mechanical characterization and vibration analysis of 3D printed Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) reinforced with short carbon fiber (PETG+CF) have been investigated. The 3D printed PETG with and without reinforcement was made based on the fused deposition method. The reinforcing effect on tensile properties evaluated experimentally using dumbbell specimen as per ASTM standards. It is observed that the reinforced PETG+CF samples exhibit better mechanical properties. The modulus of elasticity of reinforced improved by 29% and ultimate strength improved by 12% compared with PETG. Fractured surfaces observed after the tensile test using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Severe flow lines were observed in PETG due to ductile in nature. In PETG+CF the fiber is aligned with the axis of loading and distributed evenly could be the reason for improved properties. Further, 3D printed beams were fabricated to study the free vibration analysis. It is observed that the natural frequency improved by 18% in PETG+CF samples compared to PETG. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

World University root node

AIP Conference Proceedings

Mechanical characterization and vibrational analysis of 3D printed PETG and PETG reinforced with short carbon fiber

VIT Unitversity

Department of Embedded Technology

School of Electronics Engineering

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Gesture Controlled Robotic Arm Using Leap Motion

Garlic oil nanoemulsion was formulated using ultrasonic emulsification and the optimized garlic oil nanoemulsion ratio (1:2) of oil: surfactant showed spherical, with tiny droplet size 24.9 ± 1.11 nm. It was observed that the prepared nanoemulsion has the zeta potential of −42.63 ± 1.58 mV and a low polydispersity index of 0.2 ± 0.09 with excellent stability. The formulation was subjected to in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity. In acute toxicity study, single oral administration of 18.63 ml of garlic oil nanoemulsion/kg resulted in immediate mortality. However, garlic oil nanoemulsion (0.46 ml/kg) and tween 80 (0.5 ml/kg) administered rats did not exhibit any toxicity and showed no changes in hematological and histological parameters. Further, both preventive and curative studies of garlic oil nanoemulsion were evaluated in high-fat diet fed dyslipidemic Wistar rats. Garlic oil nanoemulsion administered groups showed a significant effect in reducing the levels of lipid profiles (p &lt; 0.001) compared to atorvastatin and garlic oil. Evaluation of lipid deposits in hepatic tissues was analyzed by Oil Red O staining, which revealed that garlic oil nanoemulsion administered rats markedly reduced the fat depots. Our findings suggest that garlic oil nano-emulsified form reduced toxicity and improved efficacy in preventing and treating dyslipidemia. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Department of Bio-Sciences

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Evaluation of garlic oil in nano-emulsified form: Optimization and its efficacy in high-fat diet induced dyslipidemia in Wistar rats

A conventional approach has been used to synthesis Indole fused acridine, 4a–e. In this paper to achieve the target molecule, 4 the reaction was performed via two steps. In step 1, there was a reaction between Carbazolone, 1 and benzophenone, 2 to get dihydroindoloacridine, 3. In step 2, compound, 3 was treated with 5{\%} Palladium/Carbon in the presence of diphenyl ether for 5 h to give a dark brown product, 4. The column chromatography was used to purify final product, 4. All the synthesized compounds such as 3 and 4 were characterized by melting point, FTIR, 1H NMR and Mass spectra. Further to check the purity of the compounds it was subjected to CHN analyzer. The target molecules such as 3 and 4 were screened for antimicrobial studies against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi); and fungi like Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). The obtained results clearly proves that the target molecules shown reasonable activity against K. pneumonia and A. niger. Further the compounds were screened for free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The free radical scavenging property was performed using UV–Visible spectroscopy. The results were compared with the standard BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Compounds, 4a and 4e were shown higher percentage of inhibition when compare to the standard. The result confirms that further research on indoloacridine will leads effective drug to the market.

Department of Chemistry

School of Advanced Sciences

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Application of UV–Vis spectrophotometric process for the assessment of indoloacridines as free radical scavenger

The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 &amp; 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 &amp; 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th–7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB &amp; LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p &lt; 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p &lt; 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p &lt; 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats

Context: Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. (Rutaceace) is a commonly available fruit variety with high medicinal and industrial values.Objective: Lemon peel (LP) extract was studied as a potent preventive and curative agent for experimentally induced hyperoxaluric rats.Materials and methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and toxicity study were performed for aqueous methanol LP extract. Twenty-four Wistar rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Urolithic (ethylene glycol (EG) - 0.75%); Group 3: Preventive study (EG + LP extract administration from 0th to 7th week); Group 4: Curative study (EG + LP extract administration from 4th to 7th week). Animals received LP extract daily by oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks.Results and discussion: GC-MS analyses revealed that compound 6 was abundant in the LP extract (32%) followed by compound 1 (∼21%). The LD50 value of LP extract was found to be &gt;5000 mg/kg of body weight. Urolithic rats showed significantly higher urinary calcium and oxalate (4.47 ± 0.44 and 18.86 ± 0.55 mg/24 h, respectively) excretion compared with control and experimental rats. Renal function parameters like urea (84 ± 8.5 and 96.1 ± 3.6 mg/dL), creatinine (1.92 ± 0.27 and 1.52 ± 0.22 mg/dL), and urinary protein (2.03 ± 0.02 and 2.13 ± 0.16 mg/24 h) were also reduced by LP extract (p &lt; 0.001) and corroborated with tissue analyses (SOD, catalase, and MDA levels) and histological studies in normal and experimental animals. Immunohistochemical staining of THP and NF-B in urolithic animals showed elevated expression than the control, while LP extract suppressed the expression of these proteins.Conclusion: In conclusion, lemon peel is effective in curing kidney stone disease and also can be used to prevent the disease and its recurrence. © 2015 Taylor &amp; Francis.

Pharmaceutical Biology

Beneficial effect ofCitrus limonpeel aqueous methanol extract on experimentally induced urolithic rats

The study explores calcium oxalate crystal inhibiting characteristic of polyacrylic acid (pAA), an anionic polymer in in vitro and in vivo. Animals were divided into 5 groups where group 1 served as control, group 2 were made hyperoxaluric by supplementing with Ethylene glycol (EG) 0.75% (v/v) for 30 days. Group 3, 4 &amp; 5 were also given with EG and treated simultaneously with 2.5, 5 &amp; 10 mg of pAA/kg of body weight, respectively. Urine, serum and tissue analyses along with histological studies were performed at the end of the 30 days study. In vitro crystallization was significantly inhibited by pAA and further it was supported by particle size analyses, XRD and FT-IR studies. Toxicological analyses showed that pAA was safe to use in animals at concentrations below 100 mg/kg BW. In vivo anti-urolithic study showed significant improvement in urinary lithogenic factors (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate &amp; magnesium) and renal function parameters (creatinine, urea and protein). Tissue analyses on anti-oxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxides showed maintenance of tissue antioxidant status in the pAA supplemented rats and histological studies demonstrated the nephroprotection offered by pAA and were concurrent to the biochemical analyses. Supplementation of pAA not only reduces the crystal aggregation but also regulates the expression and localization of crystal inhibiting proteins and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in experimental animals. In summary, pAA is a potent anti-urolithic agent in rats and we can propose that 10 mg/kg body weight is the effective dosage of pAA and this concentration can be used for further studies. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Chemico-Biological Interactions

Polyacrylic acid attenuates ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluric damage and prevents crystal aggregation in vitro and in vivo

Open Journal of Political Science

Politics as a Profession

International Journal of Soft Computing

CAIDM: Context Aware Intelligent Driver Model

Context: Melioidosis and Brucellosis are important endemic infections among people in India, especially in rural settings. Conventional detection techniques have several limitations. Only a few studies exist on the prevalence of Melioidosis and Brucellosis in rural area especially in India. Aim: We sought to evaluate detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Brucella spp. among patients presenting febrile illness. Material and Methods: Previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for both pathogens were evaluated with Deoxyribonucleic acid extracts of buffy coat samples collected from 301 patients recruited prospectively. Data was not amenable to statistical analysis. Results: The PCR showed specific amplification and no non-specific amplification with heterologous Gram-negative bacilli. The lower limit of detection of the assay for B. pseudomallei was determined to be 1 colony-forming unit /mL and for Brucella it was 1.95 × 10 3 plasmids per microliter. Blood culture in automated blood culture system was negative for all the samples. This prospective study carried out in southern India for the first time. PCR for Brucella was positive in 1% of the patient samples whereas 0.3% was positive for B. pseudomallei. Conclusion: The finding of Brucella and Burkholderia infections in our populations leads us to suggest that tests for Brucella and B. pseudomallei should also form part of a diagnostic platform for patients with Pyrexia of unknown origin in tropical developing countries.

Department of Integrative Biology

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases

Application of polymerase chain reaction to detect Burkholderia pseudomallei and Brucella species in buffy coat from patients with febrile illness among rural and peri-urban population

Purpose: Tuberculosis poses a serious health problem in resource-poor settings such as India. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is presently seen as a promising alternative to conventional smear microscopy and culture techniques. Undiagnosed fever is a condition where the aetiology could include tuberculosis in a significant percentage. This paper evaluates a nested PCR (nPCR) using Hotstar Taq for the detection of M. tuberculosis in patients with febrile illness using insertion element, IS6110 as a target. Material and Methods: A total of 355 samples (301 HIV status unknown and 54 HIV seropositives) from patients primarily with febrile illness were tested for the presence of M. tuberculosis. Blood culture was done in a commercial automated blood culture system and nPCR in DNA extracts from buffy coat samples. Hotstar Taq polymerase was used to enhance the sensitivity of nPCR and the lower limit of detection was determined by using cloned plasmid. Results: Among the patients tested, 2% were positive by automated culture system and 6.8% of patients were positive by nPCR. Majority of the positives were from HIV seropositive individuals. The sensitivity of the nPCR was 100% and the specificity was 95.1%. The lower limit of detection was less than 1 genome copy per microlitre. Among the nPCR positives, patients from rural community were significantly higher than from the peri-urban community. Conclusions: The nPCR had a high sensitivity and specificity on buffy coat samples using Hotstar Taq polymerase in the reaction mix. Thus the technique is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.