Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Aim: To elucidate the concentration of the protein and cholesterol in different fractions of human semen from different infertile categories and comparing them with the fertile group. Materials and methods: The human semen was collected from different infertile categories including oligoasthenospermia, asthenospermia, azoospermia, normospermia, oligospermia and fertile group. Immediately after collection, the semen analysis was done as per WHO standard protocols. After that, the semen was centrifuged to get the different fractions. Four main fractions were obtained, (1) spermatozoa, (2) debris or material that precipitates at 12 K rpm for 10 minutes, (3) prosta- somes which was precipitated at 20K rpm for 120 minutes, (4) seminal plasma. The protein concentration was done by Lowry's method and cholesterol was estimated by diagnostic kit. Results: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was run for all the categories of semen samples for their seminal plasma and the fertility associated protein was identified. A significant difference was found in the concentration of proteins in all subfractions when compared between control and infertile categories. Almost 86% of the protein was recovered from soluble fraction. In case of azoospermia, the protein content was very low when compared with fertile group. Seminal plasma proteins were visualized by silver staining. The molecular weight of the protein bands were ranging from 6.5 to 205 kDa. The band with molecular weight around 55 kDa was found to be missing in case of oligoasthenospermia. This particular protein is said to be fertility associated protein. The content of cholesterol for different subfraction of the human semen samples from infertile and fertile samples was compared. A wide range of cholesterol was recovered from prostasomes, that too purified. Conclusion: A thrive study have to be done in all the subfractions of the semen irrespective of the category of samples to know the exact function of the each subfractions in terms of protein and cholesterol distribution.

World University root node

Department of Biotechnology

School of Bio Sciences and Technology

Vellore Campus

International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine

A Comparative Study of Distribution of Protein and Cholesterol in Various Fractions of Human Semen from Infertile and Fertile Subjects

A multiple antibiotic resistant halophilic bacterium (VITP09) was isolated from the Head-Bunder Lake (Kumta coast, Karnataka, India). The bacterium was found to be Gram negative, motile, moderately halophilic and showed considerable growth in 3 to 5% of sodium chloride and can tolerate upto 21% of sodium chloride. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated 99% identity to Halomonas hydrothermalis strain SMP3M. Among the different antimicrobial agents used, the halophilic bacterium was found to be resistant to ampicillin (1.02 mg/ml for MIC90), methicillin and vancomycin. β-lactamase assay in the presence of sulbactam confirmed the involvement of class-A β-lactamase in Halomonas hydrothermalis VITP09 resistance. Presence of sodium chloride (1 to 11%) in the growth medium does not affect the production of β-lactamase. Analysis of the enzymatic parameters revealed a Km of 88.33 μM, which is comparable to the β-lactamase reported for the enzyme isolated from the clinical isolates. The presence of such β-lactamase mediated antibiotic resistance in halophilic organisms could be a potential environmental concern and the emergence of such resistant halophiles and the spread of antibiotic resistance among halophiles, is danger for organisms of aquatic, terrestrials and human health.

Department of Bio-Medical Sciences

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Emergence of a multidrug resistant Halomonas hydrothermalis strain VITP09 producing a class a β-lactamase, isolated from Kumta coast

Semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions of seminal vesicle, prostate gland and Cowper's gland. The molecules present in the semen includes sperm amino acids, proteins, lipids, Anti-sperm antibodies and trace elements like include zinc, megnesium, sodium and potasium. Each of these molecules is having specific function. Trace elements play a major impact on the quality of the semen and inturn, these trace elements helps in motility, metabolism, and acrosome reaction. The cumulative function of all these molecules determines the quality of semen to accomplish the task of fertilization. Due to increased industralization and environmental pollution over the past decades, numerous studies have reported that a decline in semen quality in men in various parts of the world has been observed. Besides, the semen quality and acticity is reported to be declined 50% between 1930 and 2011. There are several proteins identified in the semen that are used as a biomarker, acting as an identification marker for fertility of an individual. The seminal plasma proteins are identified to help in transport and elimination in female reproductive tract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are identifide to be present even in the normal semen (15%), and it is found to be increasing in the infertile samples. So, in this review paper we have dissused about the effects and functions of the various micro and macromolecules in the semen to make the future generation alert on the male infertility.