Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

School of Civil Engineering

The research is based on a theoretical and practical demonstration of the crack pattern analysis of comprehensive use of bamboo as a reinforcing material in concrete construction and its extensive use in the substitution with steel as reinforcement in concrete load bearing members. The use of bamboo in the place of steel as a whole as well as steel is shown to ensure the reduction in weight, economic advantage with its strength compromised to a slight and safe level. Bamboo is divided into two major portions 1.Rhizomes, 2.Culms. We are planned to adopt the natural material of bamboo as reinforcement in the replacement of steel with increasing percentage of bamboo from 25 %, 50 %, 75 % & 100 % in beam. © 2019 SERSC.

World University root node

Department of Structural and Geotechical Engineering

Vellore Campus

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology

Evaluation of crack under the small scale analysis of flexural member as partial replacement of steel to Bamboo reinforcement

A major challenge in hydrological modelling is to identification of optimal parameter set of different data, catchment characteristics and objectives. Although, the identification of optimal parameter set is difficult because of conceptual hydrological models contain more number of parameters and accuracy also depends upon all the relevant number of parameters influencing in a model. This identification process cannot estimate directly and therefore it measured based on calibrating the model which minimizing an objective function. Here, the objective function can depend upon the sensitivity of model parameters and calibration of model. In this paper, we proposed the Emulator Based Optimization (EBO) for reducing number of runs and improving conceptual model efficiency. Where, emulator models are used to represent the response surface of the simulation models and it can play a valuable role for optimization. In this study evaluates EBO for calibrating of SWAT hydrological model with following steps like input design, simulation model, emulator modelling, convergence criteria and validation. The results show that EBO calibrates the model with high accuracy and it captured the observed model with consuming less time. This study helps for decision making, planning and designing of water resources. © IAEME Publication.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

Improving the hydrological model efficiency using emulator based optimization (EBO)

In the research laboratories a huge amount of concrete specimens are thrown away after their testing or due to some flaws which results in large amount of material loss not only in the initial stage but also after the end result. Therefore, a need to reuse these waste specimens by recycling them into coarse aggregates and then further using it to make concrete will turn into a sustainable option. This paper deals with the study of Recycled aggregate concrete made from laboratory concrete waste replacing Natural Aggregate(NA) and Nano Silica(NS) as partial replacement with cement. In this paper we investigated the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength for mechanical properties and water sorptivity and rapid chloride penetration to evaluate durability characteristics of control concrete i.e., with natural aggregate as well as 20%, 40% and 60% replacement of NA with Recycled Aggregate (RA). Also, we compared the above results with concrete specimens prepared by replacing 1%, 3% and 5% of cement with Nano silica for each of the 20%, 40% and 60% RA concrete mix. The results indicated that when there was no presence of Nano silica in the specimen and had only RA and NA, a decrease in strength was observed. On the other hand, when Nano silica was replaced with cement, there was a gain in strength. The mix having 3% NS and 40% RA gave an optimum result for strength and durability properties. It also helps in reducing the CO2 emissions which occur due to large amount of cement usage leading to environmental problems like greenhouse effect. Thus, it inferred that replacement of cement with NS acts as an additive and helps in improving the micro-structure of the concrete. Also, it augments the strength and durability characteristics up to 3% replacement level along with 40% replacement of natural aggregate with RA in order to focus on sustainability. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd.

Materials Today: Proceedings

Experimental Investigation on Recycled Aggregate with Laboratory Concrete Waste and Nano-Silica

Particulate matter (PM) is crucial among six criteria air pollutants, and it is frequently associated with human morbidity and mortality. According to the aerodynamic diameter, PM is classified as coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5). PM with these smaller sizes can easily enter and get deposited in the human airways. This deposited PM fraction commences the development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even cancer. Thus, the quantification of PM deposition and its clearance in the human airway are essential for evaluating health risks. This study aims to investigate the size-segregated PM (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) deposition in human lungs. Size-segregated PM is collected using the Grimm portable environmental dust monitor during winter season near an arterial road located in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu state, India. Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) Model version 3.04 is utilized for quantifying PM deposition. In MPPD, airway structures of infants (3 and 28 months), children (3, 8, 9 and 14 years) and adults (18 and 21 years) are considered for the study. The values of PM concentration, body orientation, breathing scenario, tidal volume, pause fraction, inspiration fraction, and breathing frequency are specified in the MPPD for quantifying PM depositions. Results showed that 8-year children and 28 months infant groups are recorded with maximum and minimum size-segregated PM deposition respectively. The coarse particles (PM10) are primarily deposited in the head (55–95%) and tracheobronchial (3–44%) regions whereas fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) depositions are observed maximum in the head (36–63%) and pulmonary (28.2–52.7%) regions. Except for the adult age group, PM2.5 has the maximum deposition percentage in tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions. In the case of lobar depositions, lower lobes receive maximum deposition (66.4%) than the upper (27.2%) and middle lobes (6.4%). PM2.5 dominated the deposition in all five lobes of infant, children, and adults. The clearance rate of deposited PM is high in the tracheobronchial region whereas it is low in the pulmonary region. This study also concludes that PM2.5 is the important size fraction in lung deposition. Further, the study results can be used for human health risk assessments such as oxidative potential and toxicity of deposited PM. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

Department Of Civil Engineering

VIT Unitversity

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Application of multiple-path particle dosimetry model for quantifying age specified deposition of particulate matter in human airway

Pile foundations are generally used to support important industrial buildings, especially located in coastal regions where the major portion is covered by loose soil deposits. They are commonly subjected to lateral dynamic loads mainly due to earthquakes, wind, machineries, and sea waves. Thus, proper analysis and design of pile foundations should be carried out considering soil–pile–structure interaction. In general, the effects of soil–structure interaction are ignored during seismic analysis and design of super-structures. But in reality, the soil-foundation system affects the structural behaviour detrimentally. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soil–pile–structure interaction on the earthquake behaviour of reinforced concrete building frames. Equivalent static analysis was carried out using direct method of approach. A geotechnical finite element program PLAXIS 3D was used for this numerical investigation. Building types ranging from low-rise to high-rise (5 storeys, 10 storeys and 15 storeys), relative densities of sandy soil ranging from loose to dense (30%, 50% and 70%) and spacing of piles ranging from close to large (2D, 4D and 6D) were the parameters considered for this study. The results of pile lateral displacement, rocking of raft foundation, storey lateral displacement and inter-storey drift were obtained for pile supported structure and compared with rigid base structural response. It is observed that soil–pile–structure interaction influences in particular the high-rise structural behaviour significantly. The storey lateral displacements and inter-storey drift values are amplified because of increase in pile lateral displacement and rocking of raft foundation due to increase in number of storeys, reduction in relative density of soil and reduction in spacing of piles. The major effect of soil–pile–structure interaction on storey displacement and inter-storey drift is observed in lower and upper storey levels more particularly in the case of high-rise structures built on loose soil deposit with closely spaced pile foundations. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Innovative Infrastructure Solutions

Effect of soil–pile–structure interaction on seismic behaviour of RC building frames

With the advent of global warming, research studies have indicated concerns due to its impact on thunderstorm and lightning which could have detrimental impact on structures. Though there has been substantial progress related to protection of structures against lightning, research carried out during the past decades have led the lightning community to develop improved procedures for evaluating lightning exposure to structures. The location of vulnerable points struck by lightning and hence the placement of air terminals is obtained based on Rolling Sphere Method (RSM) whereby the striking distance is obtained as a function of stroke current. However, the model ignores dynamics of propagation of downward and upward leaders, geometry of the structure etc. This aspect becomes vital for smaller rolling sphere radii for tall structures with respect to several striking points. This research proposes carrying out detailed analysis based on utilizing the Modified Rolling Sphere Method (MRSM) which is based on the concept of an upward directed leader and its interaction with the downward leader during lightning strike on a tall structure. This research involves detailed analysis of lightning protection effectiveness based on MRSM for one of the tallest World Heritage Chola temple architectures in south India. Analysis based on varying lightning stroke currents has been carried out to ascertain the vulnerable points due to varying lightning protection levels. Further, a detailed failure analysis is also carried in line with the requirements of international standards to ascertain additional lightning protection requirements that would enable effective LPS for the proposed heritage monument. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 IEEE 14th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems: Engineering for Innovations for Industry 4.0, ICIIS 2019 - Proceedings

Three-Dimensional Implementation of Modified Rolling Sphere Method for Lightning Protection of Giant Medieval Chola Monument in South India

The flat slab has gained popularity for many years in the construction industry because of its advantages over the conventional slab. Punching shear failure is the major issue in the flat slab system. The most affected portion in the flat slab system is the slab column joint. The test specimen was modelled by using a finite element software known as ABAQUS. This software has good performance quality and ability to solve the complex problems in different fields of engineering. In order to conduct the study, nine slab-column specimens of the flat slab were casted and subjected to test with four, three and two sides rigidly supported. Three flat slabs with control mix and six flat slabs with hooked end steel fibres were used. The tests were conducted to study the capacity of the test specimen to withstand the punching shear. The crack patterns developed on the test specimens was studied. It was observed that the four side supported slab-column connection of the flat slab enhance more punching shear strength capacity than three and two sides supported. Also, it was found that the usage of the steel fibre can improve the stiffness and the load bearing capacity of the test specimens. © BEIESP.

Department of Digital Communications

School of Information Technology and Engineering

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Punching shear behavior of fibre reinforced flat slab under different support conditions

The use of concrete in the construction industry is never ending and so are their complementary ill effects. Thus, they should be handled within the stipulated time and in a sustainable manner. The major idea of the present research work is to assess the strength parameters of the concrete specimens made by inducing bacteria along with a suitable cement replacing substance. Therefore, the use of sustainable strategies like inducing bacterial culture into the concrete mix can act as an active support for both nature as well as the economy of construction industries. There are many substitutes which are used for replacing cement. In this paper, control concrete, concrete made by replacing cement with 8% of Micronized Biomass Silica (MBS) and bacteria induced concrete are compared. The bacteria used is Bacillus Sphaericus and is mixed in the concrete specimens at different levels of 10ml, 20ml, 30ml. M60 grade high strength concrete is casted in the form of cubes and cylinders and their compressive strength and split tensile strength at the age of 7and 28 days are compared with that of conventional concrete. From the test results, it was concluded that, specimens with 20ml bacteria and 8% MBS showed optimum results. Hence, this combination of bacteria and MBS would not only increase strength but also help the concrete against moisture and other harmful particles. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd.

Experimental Investigation on Bacterial Concrete with Micronized Biomass Silica

This research work aims at studying the influence of fermented organic additive on strength and carbonation of air lime mortar for the conservation of heritage structures. Binder to aggregate ratio of 1:3 by weight and water to binder ratio of 0.7 were considered. Red grape (Vitis vinifera) as an organic additive with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 percentages were accounted for fermentation of 0, 1, 2 and 3 days and were added with lime mortar. Experimental investigations were conducted on mechanical and mineralogical properties. 6% of organic addition with 3 days of fermentation resulted in a 49% increase in the mechanical resistance compared to the reference mortar on 90th-day test. XRD records an increased calcite formation due to accelerated carbonation. FTIR indicates the presence of polysaccharides that have helped in accelerating carbonation. TGA-DTA supports XRD and FTIR results in confirming the strength gain through the formation of calcium carbonate. Hence, the results are explicit, revealing that the fermented organic addition in air lime mortar has increased the carbonation rate, as the polysaccharides present in organic played a crucial role in accelerating the transformation of calcium hydroxide to forms of calcium carbonate and thereby enhancing the strength significantly. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

Influence of organic additive on carbonation of air lime mortar–changes in mechanical and mineralogical characteristics

Now-a-days fire accidents are occurring more in number. To tackle that a suitable concrete should be made which contains property of fire resistivity. In this research, a material namely Perlite Powder is used, the purpose of PP is to replace with cement for different percentages of PP subjecting to elevated temperatures in concrete. For this purpose, PP with cement replacement of 1, 3, 5, 7% by weight has been made, those specimens kept in a furnace for 1 hr after reaching the target temperature. Experiments conducted in this study include compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength at 28 days. Micro-structural analysis such as X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were conducted. The researches have focused that the PP with cement replacement of 5% by weight achieved better results at elevated temperatures when compared to normal concrete. © BEIESP.