Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology

This paper aims to enhance the image quality in ultrasound images. The significant difficulties in the ultrasound image are the presence of speckle noise. Speckle is the granular noise, and this kind of noise produces a lot of challenges during medical diagnosis. Also, these kinds of problems degrade image quality. The proposed work overcomes this kind of issue with nonsubsampled contourlet domain-based cross-guided bilateral filtering. Initially, additive speckle noise is introduced with the log-transformed Rayleigh distribution. This additive speckle noise component is to be decomposed through the non-subsampled contourlet domain transform. Then the decomposed image is despeckled by the cross-guided bilateral filter, and the cost function of this filter is minimized through adaptive galactic swarm optimization. The proposed filtering technique despeckles the additive noise in the noisy image. Finally, the decomposed image is reconstructed using the inverse transform of the nonsubsampled decomposition. The implementation of the proposed methodology is carried out in MATLAB simulation platform. Also, the performance of the proposed work is measured by few metrics such as structural similarity index matrix, mean structural similarity index matrix, mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio, Bhattacharyya coefficient, and speckle index. The result of cost function optimization provides less distortion when compared to other techniques. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC

World University root node

School of Electronics Engineering

Vellore Campus

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology

Nonsubsampled contourlet transform with cross-guided bilateral filter for despeckling of medical ultrasound images

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a formative and complex disorder. ASD subjects lack relational, social abilities and so forth, because of strange connectivity in neural systems. The symptoms of ASD can be changing from one subject to the next, from youthful to grown-up subjects and from male to female subjects. Examining the connectivity of neurons may help in better understanding of the disorder. fMRI data of adolescents and adult ASD subjects were considered. The examination between various age classifications encourages us to have a superior understanding of the progression of ASD through the years. The study was performed by examining the neural connectivity in default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and frontoparietal control network (FPCN) systems that are in charge of self-thinking, cognition and subjective and basic leadership, respectively. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Understanding Neuronal Connectivity of Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using fMRI

India is the second most populated country in the world as well as the fifth in the world rankings for most motor vehicle productions. This raises a major problem of traffic congestion within the country. Because of that emergency vehicles such as fire engines, ambulances and police vehicles got stuck in traffic and get delayed in reaching their destinations on time which ultimately leads to the loss of valuable money, human lives and properties [9]. The major delay occurs because of congestion at intersections and emergency vehicles had to wait for traffic lights to turn red to exit the intersection. In this paper, we proposed an automated traffic regulation system and emergency vehicle alert system based on radio frequency identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technologies [2]. The above-proposed system will ensure the least time an emergency vehicle will take to reach its destination. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Automated RFID-Based Traffic Regulation and Vehicle Alert System for Emergency Conditions

Chondromalacia patella is a condition that is often left undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as osteoarthritis. Diagnosis of chondromalacia is difficult and requires CT scans for proper confirmation. Early detection of chondromalacia can prevent further damage to the cartilage. This paper aims at acquiring and processing different VAG signal from various individuals to ascertain if VAG signals can be used for the detection of knee pathologies and conditions like chondromalacia patella. In this paper, our primary discussion revolves around characterization of features of the signal from a piezosensor placed on the patella of the knee. There were marked differences observed between time domain correlation of the extracted characteristics of the VAG signals between subjects with knee pain, those with reported knee pathologies and healthy test subjects. VAG signals could thus be instrumental in early detection of chondromalacia patella and other knee pathologies. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Feature Extraction and Classification of VAG Signal of Human Knee for Early Diagnosis of Chondromalacia Patella

specular microscope is used to get the sequence of images of different layers in Cornea and different structures so that the medical clinicians can extract the information that helps them to conclude the state of the patient's eye, the cornea, and about the abnormalities. A Hybrid model is used to preprocess the images of the Corneal Endothelium, detect the cells, and study the abnormalities by going through the data sets. so, three sets of normal corneal data sets are acquired by a specular microscope and 3 sets of abnormal specular Endothelium images associated with the disease to investigate will be investigated in the system. Processed in the proposed algorithm DEM (Dilation and Erosion morphology) where can be acquired the promising results are presented and the performance of the system is compared with a manual and two morphological approaches. DEM provides the clinical parameters of individual image and various statistical parameters are extracted and tabulated, different parameters are acquired and compared. The average difference between the manual and automatic cell densities are calculated using the DEM algorithm and the two morphological based approach is 5%, 7%. And then it is deployed as a clinical tool to give the information to ophthalmologists about the cornea of the eye. The condition of the cornea is easily estimated and the processing time of the image is less than 1500 milliseconds. © 2021 IEEE.

2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics, ESCI 2021

Specular endothelium image analysis with DEM algorithm

Department of Information Security

School of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Communication Engineering

Electronics

Chennai Campus

Journal of Information and Knowledge Management

Preface

Purpose: This paper aims to review the shape sensing techniques using large area flexible electronics (LAFE). Shape perception of humanoid robots using tactile data is mainly focused. Design/methodology/approach: Research papers on different shape sensing methodologies of objects with large area, published in the past 15 years, are reviewed with emphasis on contact-based shape sensors. Fiber optics based shape sensing methodology is discussed for comparison purpose. Findings: LAFE-based shape sensors of humanoid robots incorporating advanced computational data handling techniques such as neural networks and machine learning (ML) algorithms are observed to give results with best resolution in 3D shape reconstruction. Research limitations/implications: The literature review is limited to shape sensing application either two- or three-dimensional (3D) LAFE. Optical shape sensing is briefly discussed which is widely used for small area. Optical scanners provide the best 3D shape reconstruction in the noncontact-based shape sensing; here this paper focuses only on contact-based shape sensing. Practical implications: Contact-based shape sensing using polymer nanocomposites is a very economical solution as compared to optical 3D scanners. Although optical 3D scanners can provide a high resolution and fast scan of the 3D shape of the object, they require line of sight and complex image reconstruction algorithms. Using LAFE larger objects can be scanned with ML and basic electronic circuitory, which reduces the price hugely. Social implications: LAFE can be used as a wearable sensor to monitor critical biological parameters. They can be used to detect shape of large body parts and aid in designing prosthetic devices. Tactile sensing in humanoid robots is accomplished by electronic skin of the robot which is a prime example of human–machine interface at workplace. Originality/value: This paper reviews a unique feature of LAFE in shape sensing of large area objects. It provides insights from mechanical, electrical, hardware and software perspective in the sensor design. The most suitable approach for large object shape sensing using LAFE is also suggested. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Industrial Robot

Recent trends and role of large area flexible electronics in shape sensing application – a review

Many mental disorders are caused due to improper regulation of the brain and depression is one such. It affects both children and adults and is very common among teenagers. There are many challenges clinicians face regarding the management of this disease. These challenges have prompted the development of various neuroimaging techniques that effectively diagnose the condition. The main techniques are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) which have gained momentum over the years. Advanced MRI techniques help study certain regions of the brain such as hippocampus and amygdala. Effective treatments for depression include antidepressant medications and brain stimulation techniques. Although treatments are effective for a lot of people, there is still room for improvement. This article (1) presents background on depression, its types, symptoms and risk factors; (2) elaborates the neuroimaging techniques used and reviews the various techniques adopted over the years to study depression; and (3) discusses the treatment methods that can be practised to cure depression. © 2021 North Atlantic University Union NAUN. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering

Assessment of major depressive disorders through neuroimaging studies and their treatment methods

Backward walking is used increasingly as a rehabilitation exercise for stroke and diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients to improve strength and balance. However, it is unclear how visual referencing affects backward and forward walking. In this study, we evaluated spatiotemporal gait characteristics changes due to visual referencing while backward/forward walking. Sixteen healthy young participants were recruited in this study. All participants walked for 2 min with and without visual referencing in the virtual reality environment. While walking backward participants faced the virtual reality screen similar to forward walking, but their treadmill belt direction of movement was reversed. All participants walked at their preferred speed. We found that backward walking with visual reference affected symmetry in step length (p < 0.05) and step width (p < 0.001). Backward walking increased variability in step length (p < 0.001) and COM side excursions (p < 0.01) but also increased base of support through increased step width (p < 0.02). We also found backward walking with visual reference had significantly increased double support time (p < 0.001) and reduced swing time (p < 0.001). We also found that backward walking does not predispose to slip and trip risk, thereby, reduced foot contact velocity (p < 0.0001) and increased foot clearance (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study will help understand the effects of visual reference in backward and forward walking enables clinicians to design patient-centered rehabilitation exercises. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Fulltext

Displays

Effects of visual referencing on backward and forward treadmill walking in VR environments

Water waves are a promising source of renewable energy. Their kinetic energy can potentially drive energy harvesters. Herein, we describe a fully packed spheroidal smart buoy hybrid generator (SB-HG) composed of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG) for scavenging water-wave energy. Each of the energy harvesting components generated electrical outputs from the same wave motion. A position-tracking long-range (LoRa) device placed in the buoy enabled identification of the buoy location when it was placed in the sea for energy harvesting, navigation, and fishnet tracking purposes. A solar cell placed on the top of the buoy powered the device under calm wave conditions. The TENG and EMG components generated maximum electrical outputs of 100 V/2 μA and 20 V/15 mA, respectively. Combining the devices efficiently converted the kinetic energy of the waves into useful electrical energy, which was used to charge a commercial capacitor and lithium-ion battery. The charged battery drove the position-tracking LoRa device for a positioning application and demonstrated that the SB-HG device is an inexpensive and reliable candidate for ocean navigation systems. Our water-wave energy harvester is highly promising as a clean energy power source and as a self-powered sensor for various environmental monitoring systems. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd