Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) is a private university located in&nbsp;Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1984, as Vellore Engineering College, the institution offers 20 undergraduate, 34 postgraduate, four integrated and four research programs. It has campuses in Vellore, Amravati, Bhopal and Chennai.

VIT is one of the top ranked private universities in India according to NIRF, THE and QS Rankings.&nbsp;Govt. of India has recognized&nbsp;VIT, Vellore as an&nbsp;Institution of Eminence. This has allowed VIT to take independent quality initiatives and move up in world ranking.

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VIT University

Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology

A configurable self-calibrated power efficient five-bit error correction code is proposed to correct both single bit random and burst errors up to five bits; providing 100% error correction probability with crosstalk avoidance. It can also correct higher-order error up to 9 bits with an error correction probability tolerance of 73% for on-chip interconnection links. Single error correction and double error detection with extended Hamming code (22,16) is utilised along with standard triplication error correction methods in the proposed code. Self-calibration algorithm and data stream rerouting block are integrated into the error correction code to achieve power efficiency. Reliability, link power consumption, and link swing voltage are estimated using an analytical model used in a network-on-chip. Area, power, and delay of the codec are obtained using Synopsys tools utilising UMC 90 nm technology. The proposed method provides 32-73% power saving and 22.3-60.6% delay reduction with negligible area overhead compared with the state-of-the-art works. Estimated results prove that it provides a 40.5-50% reduction in link swing voltage and link power consumption compared with the state-of-the-art works. The proposed code is more appropriate for on-chip interconnect links where it provides high reliability and low swing voltage with high error correction capability compared with existing codes. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020

World University root node

School of Electronics Engineering

Vellore Campus

IET Computers and Digital Techniques

Power efficient error correction coding for on-chip interconnection links

Different audio environments require different settings in hearing aid to acquire high-quality speech. Manual tuning of hearing aid settings can be irritating. Thus, hearing aids can be provided with options and settings that can be tuned based on the audio environment. In this paper we provide a simple sound classification system that could be used to automatically switch between various hearing aid algorithms based on the auditory related scene. Features like MFCC, Mel-spectrogram, Chroma, Spectral contrast and Tonnetz are extracted from several hours of audio from five classes like 'music,' 'noise,' 'speech with noise,' 'silence,' and 'clean speech' for training and testing the network. Using these features audio is processed by the convolution neural network. We show that our system accomplishes high precision with just three to five second duration per scene. The algorithm is efficient and consumes less memory footprint. It is possible to implement the system in digital hearing aid. © 2020 IEEE.

Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, ICCSP 2020

Acoustic Scene Classification in Hearing aid using Deep Learning

Key Message: The new NB scope aids in better visualization of the scalp and blood collection and analysis at bed side. Objective: Caesarean section rates and inherent complications are on the rise all over the world. One way to avoid a caesarean is to measure fetal scalp blood lactate levels. The methods available to visualize fetal scalp, obtain the blood sample and perform the blood test are separate, cumbersome and expensive, needing a certain level of expertise. We propose a device that incorporates all the steps of obtaining a fetal scalp blood lactate into one sleek, easy to use device. Methods: The initial design, 3-D print and was tried on mannequin. After ethics committee approval, the prototype was experimented on patients in labour with singleton live fetus in cephalic presentation with no evidence of distress. Results: There were (n = 9) patients recruited. There were (n = 5) primigravida and (n = 4) multigravida all of whom were in active labour. Parity did not seem to influence ease of instrumentation. Of the (n = 9) mothers (n = 2) had meconium-stained liquor and the rest (n = 7) had clear liquor, meconium-stained liquor did not affect visualization. The mean time taken to collect the sample was 184.11(± 33.04) seconds. Conclusion: The Neeraj-Bhaskar (NB) scope is an easy to use, affordable device that can be used time and again to decide on cases where emergency caesarean section can be avoided due to fetal distress. © 2020, Federation of Obstetric & Gynecological Societies of India.

Fulltext

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India

An Integrated System for Fetal Scalp Visualization, Blood Collection and Analysis

Purpose: The paper aims to focus on implantable antenna sensors used for biomedical applications. Communication in implantable medical devices (IMDs) is beneficial for continuous monitoring of health. The ability to communicate with exterior equipment is an important aspect of IMD. Thus, the design of an implantable antenna for integration into IMD is important. Design/methodology/approach: In this review, recent developments in IMDs, three types of antenna sensors, which are recommended by researchers for biomedical implants are considered. In this review, design requirements, different types of their antenna, parameters and characteristics in medical implants communication system (MICS) and industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands are summarized here. Also, overall current progress in development of implantable antenna sensor, its challenges and the importance of human body characteristics are described. Findings: This article give information about the requirements of implantable antenna sensor designs, types of antennas useful to design implantable devices and their characteristics in MICS and ISM bands. Recent advancement in implantable devices has led to an improvement in human health. Originality/value: The paper provides useful information on implantable antennas design for biomedical application. The designing of such antennas needs to meet requirements such as compact size, patients’ safety, communication ability and biocompatibility. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Sensor Review

A review on antennas for biomedical implants used for IoT based health care

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a predominant method for converting ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrical energy using the triboelectric effect. Enhancement of charge generation in the TENG device is a major challenge to be addressed. Recently, laser surface patterning (LSP) has been proven to be an effective technique in improving triboelectrification. LSP process uses the photophysical mechanism for the formation of micropatterns. In this work, micro patterns such as circle, line and X patterns were developed on the PET substrate using continuous-wave fibre laser of wavelength 1064 nm. The LSP process has enabled the development of consistent architecture with more efficient surface morphology as compared to conventional surface replication and few lithography processes. The line patterned TENG has shown better triboelectric performances compared to pristine and other patterned TENG devices. The triboelectric short circuit current, open circuit voltage and power density of the line patterned TENG device was 0.46 μA, 36 V and 0.8 μW/cm2 respectively. The mechanical endurance of the line patterned TENG device was demonstrated for 10000 cycles without any significant loss in the performance. The maximum electrical energy generated from TENG device was stored in 1 μF commercial capacitor and three blue LEDs were powered up using the stored energy. Furthermore, theoretical simulation has been carried out to confirm the effective output performance of patterned TENG device. Hence, the proposed TENG has been found to be highly reliable and suitable for powering the low power electronic devices. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Nano Energy

Enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator output performance by laser 3D-Surface pattern method for energy harvesting application

The triboelectric effect is one of the most trending effects in energy harvesting technologies, which use one of the most common effects in daily life. Herein, an impervious silicone elastomer-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SE-TENG) is reported with a micro roughness-created silicone elastomer film and Ni foam as triboelectric layers with opposite surface charges. The surface roughness modification process was performed via a cost-effective soft lithography technique using sandpaper. The replicated film was then used as the negative triboelectric layer and porous Ni foam was used as the positive triboelectric layer. The device exhibited the advantage of high stability due to the porous nature of the Ni foam, which could not damage the roughness pattern of the elastomer film. The device generated a maximum electrical output of ∼370 V/6.1 μA with a maximum area power density of ∼17 mW m-2 at a load resistance of 1 GΩ. Furthermore, the SE-TENG device was packed using polyethylene to protect it from humidity and made to be a water-resistant SE-TENG (WR-SE-TENG). The device was stable under different percentages of relative humidity, showing a uniform electrical output in the range of 10% RH to 99% RH. This proves that the packing is highly resistant against moisture and humidity. The device was also used for demonstrating its capability in powering small electronic components such as charging commercial capacitors, glowing LEDs and powering wrist watches. Further, the WR-SE-TENG device was used to scavenge bio-mechanical energy from human motions and also used for a real-time application of zero power consuming/self-powered pressure sensors. As an active sensor, the device showed linear sensing behavior and a sensitivity of 0.492 μA kPa-1 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Nanoscale Advances

A highly reliable, impervious and sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator as a zero-power consuming active pressure sensor

In the fast nanosilicon revolution era, network-on-chip (NoC) architecture offers a significant research solution to on-chip multiprocessor-based real-time applications. As the number of cores increases, power consumption of the resources of NoC also increases. Links are the major power dissipator in NoC architecture owing to switching activity of data bits communicated through them. The performance of data communication links in NoC is strongly dependent on the factor of power dissipation. An efficient coding method is needed to reduce both coupling and self-switching activity of data bits of NoC links. In this work, an improved low-power encoding algorithm for serial links is proposed to reduce switching transition for any random data pattern making them more suited to real-time applications. The proposed encoding algorithm is coded, simulated and verified its area and power performance using Synopsys tools utilizing UMC 90 nm technology. Experimental results have shown that it provides on average 48.83% of switching activity reduction for any real-time applications. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing

An Improved Low-Power Coding for Serial Network-On-Chip Links

This paper reports on the design and analysis of a bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester using polyvinylidene fluoride films (PVDF) as sensing element. The cantilever based energy harvester consisting of piezoelectric bimorph is clamped to the vibrating source at one end and with proof mass on the other end. The electrodes for measurement are placed on either side of the PVDF films and a ground/reference electrode is embedded within the bimorph structure. To enable the vibrating end, the device is modeled with sinusoidal body load and the analysis is done in a vibrating reference frame. The device is designed and finite element model (FEM) simulation is done in COMSOL Multiphysics. The performance of the energy harvester is accessed by three types of analysis. First the frequency response of the device is performed that shows the resonant frequency occurs at 21 Hz at a peak output voltage of 0.65 V for a mechanical input power of 1.9 mW resulting in an electrical output power of 7.3 μW. Then the load response of the device is performed which shows that the maximum output is obtained at a load of 100 kΩ for an input frequency of 21.5 Hz and an acceleration of l g. Finally, the acceleration dependence is performed for a load of 30 kΩ and acceleration of 1 g that result in a peak output voltage of 3.2 V, electrical output power of 180 μW for a mechanical input power of 0.047 W at an acceleration of 5 g. This work significantly proves that the piezoelectric energy harvester using PVDF films are capable of generating maximum electric output power at low frequency when the excitation frequency matches the eigen frequency of the device. © 2020 IEEE.

International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering, ic-ETITE 2020

Bimorph Piezoelectric Energy Harvester at Low Frequency

VIT Unitversity

Mathematics

School of Advanced Sciences

Chennai Campus

Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics

Estimating the Human Cost of Transportation Accidents

Preface

In IoT scenario, wireless sensor nodes are acquiring data from remote location and transmitting it to the centralized node which process the data. Energy scavenging from the ambient RF source is the reliable, low cost approach and it keep node alive. Since available power is around −30 dbm for ambient RF, effective usage of battery by the node is important. In this paper, a power distribution method based on NASH bargaining solutions is proposed to efficiently use the nodes with the least available. Also the available antenna technologies are reviewed and optimal design is suggested for maximum extraction of energy from the low power RF signal. Using this approaches battery-powered sensor nodes can meet the design goals of life span, total price, special power perceiving, transmission coverage and consistency. The proposed method is validated with other reported methods and it has been found that the proposed NASH bargaining method significantly improve the energy efficiency, network life time and throughput rate.